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Step 28: Integration Test with OPA

If we want to test interaction patterns or more visual features of our app, we can also write an integration test.

We haven't thought about testing our interaction with the app yet, so in this step we will check if the dialog actually opens when we click the "Say Hello with Dialog" button. We can easily do this with OPA5, a feature of OpenUI5 that is easy to set up and is based on JavaScript and QUnit. Using integration and unit tests and running them consistently in a continuous integration (CI) environment, we can make sure that we don't accidentally break our app or introduce logical errors in existing code.

Note:

In this tutorial, we focus on a simple use case for the test implementation. If you want to learn more about OPA tests, have a look at our Testing Tutorial tutorial, especially Step 6: A First OPA Test.

Preview

An OPA test opens the "Hello" dialog from step 16

![The graphic has an explanatory text.](images/loio250d5b92921d44a4b432cc0fade88cc9_LowRes.png "An OPA test opens the "Hello" dialog from step 16")

Coding

You can view and download all files at Walkthrough - Step 28.

Folder Structure for this Step

We add a new folder integration below the test folder, where we put our new test cases. Page objects that help structuring such integration tests are put in the pages subfolder that we also create now.

webapp/test/integration/NavigationJourney.js (New)

sap.ui.define([
	"sap/ui/test/opaQunit",
	"./pages/App"
], (opaTest) => {
	"use strict";

	QUnit.module("Navigation");

	opaTest("Should open the Hello dialog", (Given, When, Then) => {
		// Arrangements
		Given.iStartMyUIComponent({
			componentConfig: {
				name: "ui5.walkthrough"
			}
		});

		//Actions
		When.onTheAppPage.iPressTheSayHelloWithDialogButton();

		// Assertions
		Then.onTheAppPage.iShouldSeeTheHelloDialog();

		// Cleanup
		Then.iTeardownMyApp();
	});
});

Let's start with the journey first. A journey consists of a series of integration tests that belong to the same context such as navigating through the app. Similar to the QUnit test implementation, OPA5 uses QUnit, that's why we first set up a QUnit module Navigation that will be displayed on our result page.

The function opaTest is the main aspect for defining integration tests with OPA. Its parameters define a test name and a callback function that gets executed with the following OPA5 helper objects to write meaningful tests that read like a user story.

Given

On the given object we can call arrangement functions like iStartMyUIComponent to load our app component for integration testing.
When

Contains custom actions that we can execute to get the application in a state where we can test the expected behavior.
Then

Contains custom assertions that check a specific constellation in the application and the teardown function that removes our component again.

In our journey, we create a very simple test that starts the app. Inside the app, we simulate a click on a button and expect that the dialog is opened afterwards. Finally, we shut down the app again.

As you can see, the test case reads like a user story, we actually do not need the implementation of the methods yet to understand the meaning of the test case. This approach is called "Behavior Driven Development" or simply BDD and is popular in "Agile Software Development".

webapp/test/integration/pages/App.js (New)

sap.ui.define([
	"sap/ui/test/Opa5",
	"sap/ui/test/actions/Press"
], (Opa5, Press) => {
	"use strict";

	const sViewName = "ui5.walkthrough.view.HelloPanel";

	Opa5.createPageObjects({
		onTheAppPage: {
			actions: {
				iPressTheSayHelloWithDialogButton() {
					return this.waitFor({
						id: "helloDialogButton",
						viewName: sViewName,
						actions: new Press(),
						errorMessage: "Did not find the 'Say Hello With Dialog' button on the HelloPanel view"
					});
				}
			},

			assertions: {
				iShouldSeeTheHelloDialog() {
					return this.waitFor({
						controlType: "sap.m.Dialog",
						success() {
							// we set the view busy, so we need to query the parent of the app
							Opa5.assert.ok(true, "The dialog is open");
						},
						errorMessage: "Did not find the dialog control"
					});
				}
			}
		}
	});
});

The implementation of the page object holds the helper functions we just called in our journey. We require OPA5 from the sap.ui.test namespace and define a page object with the helper function createPageObjects. We pass in an object with the key of our page onTheAppPage and two sections: actions and assertions.

In the actions section of the page object we define a function to click the "Hello" dialog button. This is done in OPA5 with a waitFor statement, it is basically a loop that checks for the conditions defined as parameters. If the conditions are met, the success callback is executed, if the test fails because the conditions have not been met, the text in the errorMessage property is displayed on the result page.

In the assertions section we define a waitFor statement that checks if a sap.m.Dialog control is existing in the DOM of the app. When the dialog has been found, the test is successful and we can immediately confirm by calling an ok statement with a meaningful message.

webapp/test/integration/opaTests.qunit.js (New)

We create a new opaTests.qunit.js file under webapp/test/integration/.

This module imports our NavigationJourney and is the entrypoint for all integration tests in the project.

sap.ui.define([
       "./NavigationJourney"
]);

webapp/test/testsuite.qunit.js

Finally we reference the new integration/opaTests.qunit.js in the testsuite.qunit.js file. The .qunit.js extension is omitted and will be added automatically during runtime.

sap.ui.define(() => {
	    "use strict";
	    return {
		      // ...
		      tests: {
			        "unit/unitTests": {
				           title: "UI5 Walkthrough - Unit Tests"
			        },
			        "integration/opaTests": {
				           title: "UI5 Walkthrough - Integration Tests"
			        }
		     }
	   };
});

If we now open the webapp/test/testsuite.qunit.html file in the browser and select integration/opaTests, the QUnit layout should appear and a test "Should see the Hello dialog" will run immediately. This action will load the app component on the right side of the page. There you can see the operations the test is performing on the app. If everything works correctly, a button click will be triggered, then a dialog will be displayed and the test case will be green.