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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><xml><records><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ala-Honkola, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosken, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manier, M. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lupold, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Droge-Young, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berben, K. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collins, W. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belote, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pitnick, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Biology, Syracuse University Syracuse, New York ; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla PO Box 35, 40014, Finland.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding reveals mode of past selection on male reproductive characters in Drosophila melanogaster</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecol Evol</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecol Evol</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2089-102</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013/08/07</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attractiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophila melanogaster</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inbreeding depression</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">past selection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sperm competition</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sperm length</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2045-7758 (Print)
2045-7758 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23919154</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Directional dominance is a prerequisite of inbreeding depression. Directionality arises when selection drives alleles that increase fitness to fixation and eliminates dominant deleterious alleles, while deleterious recessives are hidden from it and maintained at low frequencies. Traits under directional selection (i.e., fitness traits) are expected to show directional dominance and therefore an increased susceptibility to inbreeding depression. In contrast, traits under stabilizing selection or weakly linked to fitness are predicted to exhibit little-to-no inbreeding depression. Here, we quantify the extent of inbreeding depression in a range of male reproductive characters and then infer the mode of past selection on them. The use of transgenic populations of Drosophila melanogaster with red or green fluorescent-tagged sperm heads permitted in vivo discrimination of sperm from competing males and quantification of characteristics of ejaculate composition, performance, and fate. We found that male attractiveness (mating latency) and competitive fertilization success (P2) both show some inbreeding depression, suggesting they may have been under directional selection, whereas sperm length showed no inbreeding depression suggesting a history of stabilizing selection. However, despite having measured several sperm quality and quantity traits, our data did not allow us to discern the mechanism underlying the lowered competitive fertilization success of inbred (f = 0.50) males.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ala-Honkola, Outi
Hosken, David J
Manier, Mollie K
Lupold, Stefan
Droge-Young, Elizabeth M
Berben, Kirstin S
Collins, William F
Belote, John M
Pitnick, Scott
eng
England
Ecol Evol. 2013 Jul;3(7):2089-102. doi: 10.1002/ece3.625. Epub 2013 Jun 3.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919154</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1687926652/Ala-Honkola-2013-Inbreeding reveals mode of pa.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC3728949</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1002/ece3.625</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James V. Briskie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roberet Montgomeerie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of sperm storage in relation to sperm competition in passerine birds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Condor</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Condor</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442-454</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1101513927/d18c732ea6921b260c05aca468411d14a9a4.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carballo, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Battistotti, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teltscher, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lierz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bublat, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valcu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kempenaers, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm morphology and evidence for sperm competition among parrots</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Evol Biol</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Evol Biol</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">856-867</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019/06/28</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clutch Size</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parrots/*genetics/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatozoa/*cytology/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*parrots</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*post-copulatory sexual selection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sperm competition</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sperm morphology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1420-9101 (Electronic)
1010-061X (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31245887</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm competition is an important component of post-copulatory sexual selection that has shaped the evolution of sperm morphology. Previous studies have reported that sperm competition has a concurrently directional and stabilizing effect on sperm size. For example, bird species that show higher levels of extrapair paternity and larger testes (proxies for the intensity of sperm competition) have longer sperm and lower coefficients of variation in sperm length, both within and between males. For this reason, these sperm traits have been proposed as indexes to estimate the level of sperm competition in species for which other measures are not available. The relationship between sperm competition and sperm morphology has been explored mostly for bird species that breed in temperate zones, with the main focus on passerine birds. We measured sperm morphology in 62 parrot species that breed mainly in the tropics and related variation in sperm length to life-history traits potentially indicative of the level of sperm competition. We showed that sperm length negatively correlated with the within-male coefficient of variation in sperm length and positively with testes mass. We also showed that sperm is longer in sexually dichromatic and in gregarious species. Our results support the general validity of the hypothesis that sperm competition drives variation in sperm morphology. Our analyses suggest that post-copulatory sexual selection is also important in tropical species, with more intense sperm competition among sexually dichromatic species and among species that breed at higher densities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carballo, Luisana
Battistotti, Alessandra
Teltscher, Kim
Lierz, Michael
Bublat, Andreas
Valcu, Mihai
Kempenaers, Bart
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Switzerland
J Evol Biol. 2019 Aug;32(8):856-867. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13487. Epub 2019 Jun 27.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31245887</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://3130390644/Carballo-2019-Sperm morphology and evidence fo.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC6852422</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/jeb.13487</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>22</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">22</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cramer, E. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alund, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McFarlane, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnsen, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qvarnstrom, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, PO Box 37012 MRC5503, Washington DC, 20008, USA.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Females discriminate against heterospecific sperm in a natural hybrid zone</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cryptic female choice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hybrid zones</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-copulatory pre-zygotic barriers</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reinforcement</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sexual selection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speciation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1558-5646 (Electronic)
0014-3820 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27312694</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When hybridization is maladaptive, species-specific mate preferences are selectively favored, but low mate availability may constrain species-assortative pairing. Females paired to heterospecifics may then benefit by copulating with multiple males and subsequently favoring sperm of conspecifics. Whether such mechanisms for biasing paternity towards conspecifics act as important reproductive barriers in socially monogamous vertebrate species remains to be determined. We use a combination of long-term breeding records from a natural hybrid zone between collared and pied flycatchers (Ficedulla albicollis and F. hypoleuca), and an in vitro experiment comparing conspecific and heterospecific sperm performance in female reproductive tract fluid, to evaluate the potential significance of female cryptic choice. We show that the females most at risk of hybridizing (pied flycatchers) frequently copulate with multiple males and are able to inhibit heterospecific sperm performance. The negative effect on heterospecific sperm performance was strongest in pied flycatcher females that were most likely to have been previously exposed to collared flycatcher sperm. We thus demonstrate that a reproductive barrier acts after copulation but before fertilization in a socially monogamous vertebrate. While the evolutionary history of this barrier is unknown, our results imply that there is opportunity for it to be accentuated via a reinforcement-like process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cramer, Emily R A
Alund, Murielle
McFarlane, S Eryn
Johnsen, Arild
Qvarnstrom, Anna
ENG
2016/06/18 06:00
Evolution. 2016 Jun 17. doi: 10.1111/evo.12986.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312694</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://3616831742/Cramer-2016-Females discriminate against heter.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/evo.12986</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>7</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">7</key><key app="ENWeb" db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David B. Lank, Constance M. Smith, Olivier Hanotte, Terry Burke & Fred Cooke</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic polymorphism for alternative mating behaviour in lekking male ruff Philomachus pugnax</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-62</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">378</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1101513929/378059a0.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>20</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">20</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomendio, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cassinello, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roldan, E. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. [email protected]</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative study of ejaculate traits in three endangered ungulates with different levels of inbreeding: fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of reproductive and genetic stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">875-82</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1446</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000/06/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antelopes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ejaculation/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heterozygote</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproduction/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Count</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Motility</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 7</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0962-8452 (Print)
0962-8452 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10853729</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We studied three closely related species of endangered gazelles (Gazella dorcas, Gazella dama and Gazella cuvieri) with different levels of inbreeding in order to determine at which intensities inbreeding influences ejaculate traits. We also examined whether fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is a reliable indicator of genetic as well as reproductive stress. Our results show that, within each population, the individual coefficient of inbreeding is inversely related to ejaculate quality only in the species with the highest levels of inbreeding (G. cuvieri). In addition, FA is a reliable indicator of individual levels of inbreeding in both the species with the highest levels of inbreeding (G. cuvieri) and the species with intermediate levels of inbreeding (G. dama). Thus, FA appears in individuals whose levels of inbreeding are still not high enough to affect male reproductive potential and should therefore be considered a sensitive indicator of genetic stress. Finally, FA is also a reliable indicator of male reproductive stress since it is related to individual semen quality in all the species studied.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomendio, M
Cassinello, J
Roldan, E R
eng
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Proc Biol Sci. 2000 May 7;267(1446):875-82. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1084.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10853729</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0945117275/Gomendio-2000-A comparative study of ejaculate.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC1690618</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rspb.2000.1084</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heber, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varsani, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuhn, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girg, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kempenaers, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briskie, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. [email protected]</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The genetic rescue of two bottlenecked South Island robin populations using translocations of inbred donors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20122228</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">280</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1752</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012/12/14</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endangered Species</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Genetic Fitness</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemagglutination</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Hybridization, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunocompetence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microsatellite Repeats</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytohemagglutinins/metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Polymorphism, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Homology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Songbirds/*genetics/immunology/physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatozoa/physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 7</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2954 (Electronic)
0962-8452 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23235701</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Populations forced through bottlenecks typically lose genetic variation and exhibit inbreeding depression. 'Genetic rescue' techniques that introduce individuals from outbred populations can be highly effective in reversing the deleterious effects of inbreeding, but have limited application for the majority of endangered species, which survive only in a few bottlenecked populations. We tested the effectiveness of using highly inbred populations as donors to rescue two isolated and bottlenecked populations of the South Island robin (Petroica australis). Reciprocal translocations significantly increased heterozygosity and allelic diversity. Increased genetic diversity was accompanied by increased juvenile survival and recruitment, sperm quality, and immunocompetence of hybrid individuals (crosses between the two populations) compared with inbred control individuals (crosses within each population). Our results confirm that the implementation of 'genetic rescue' using bottlenecked populations as donors provides a way of preserving endangered species and restoring their viability when outbred donor populations no longer exist.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heber, S
Varsani, A
Kuhn, S
Girg, A
Kempenaers, B
Briskie, J
eng
Evaluation Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Dec 12;280(1752):20122228. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2228. Print 2013 Feb 7.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235701</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://4146382461/Heber-2013-The genetic rescue of two bottlenec.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC3574298</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rspb.2012.2228</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hogan-Warburg, A. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Behavior of the Ruff, Philomachus Pugnax (L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-229</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></section><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1966</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0373-2266</style></isbn><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0628175010/Hogan-Warburg-2002-Social Behavior of the Ruff.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v54.p109</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacob Höglund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arne Lundberg</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plumage Color Correlates with Body Size in the Ruff </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the Auk</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the Auk</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> 336–338</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1734575197/p0336-p0338.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/106.2.336</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jukema, Joop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piersma, Theunis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Permanent female mimics in a lekking shorebird</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-164</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 22, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female mimics are known from many species, but permanent, non-conditional, alternative mating strategies are only known from an isopod, a fish, a lizard and a bird. The single bird example refers to lek-breeding ruffs , a shorebird for which two strategies (independent and satellite) have been known for over 50 years. Ruffs also provided the single case of an animal with two, rather than three, permanent alternative mating strategies. Here, we describe a rare female-like morph of ruffs: the ‘missing’ third alternative mating strategy, which we have called ‘faeder’. Faeders are slightly larger than females and in late April have testes 2.5 time the size of testes of normal males. On leks in aviaries and in the wild they appear to combine feminine and masculine behaviours. Faeders may represent the ancestral, care-giving, male strategy, but their relatively large testes suggest that currently they behave as sneakers.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/2/161.abstract</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0719885386/Jukema-2006-Permanent female mimics in a lekki.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rsbl.2005.0416</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">13</key><key app="ENWeb" db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim Jaatinen, </style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aleksi Lehikoinen </style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David B. Lank</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female-biased sex ratios and the proportion of cryptic male morphs of migrant juvenile Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) in Finland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ornis Fennica</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ornis Fennica</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25–134</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0719885385/Jaatinenetal2010OrnisFenn.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleven, Oddmund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laskemoen, Terje</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fossøy, Frode</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robertson, Raleigh J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lifjeld, Jan T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intraspecific variation in sperm length is negatively related to sperm competition in passerine birds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">494-499</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1558-5646</style></isbn><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0719885383/Kleven-2008-Intraspecific variation in sperm l.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knief, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forstmeier, Wolfgang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pei, Yifan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihle, Malika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Daiping</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Katrin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opatová, Pavlína</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrechtová, Jana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wittig, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Andre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Tomáš</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kempenaers, Bart</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A sex-chromosome inversion causes strong overdominance for sperm traits that affect siring success</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Ecology & Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Ecology & Evolution</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1177-1184</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2397-334X</style></isbn><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://4059243604/Knief-2017-A sex-chromosome inversion causes s.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/s41559-017-0236-1</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>4</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">4</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kupper, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stocks, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risse, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dos Remedios, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farrell, L. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McRae, S. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morgan, T. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karlionova, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinchuk, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verkuil, Y. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitaysky, A. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wingfield, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piersma, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeng, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slate, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blaxter, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, D. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Edinburgh Genomics, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.
Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, Minsk, Belarus.
Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Marine Ecology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></full-title></periodical><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov 16</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1546-1718 (Electronic)
1061-4036 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26569125</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three strikingly different alternative male mating morphs (aggressive 'independents', semicooperative 'satellites' and female-mimic 'faeders') coexist as a balanced polymorphism in the ruff, Philomachus pugnax, a lek-breeding wading bird. Major differences in body size, ornamentation, and aggressive and mating behaviors are inherited as an autosomal polymorphism. We show that development into satellites and faeders is determined by a supergene consisting of divergent alternative, dominant and non-recombining haplotypes of an inversion on chromosome 11, which contains 125 predicted genes. Independents are homozygous for the ancestral sequence. One breakpoint of the inversion disrupts the essential CENP-N gene (encoding centromere protein N), and pedigree analysis confirms the lethality of homozygosity for the inversion. We describe new differences in behavior, testis size and steroid metabolism among morphs and identify polymorphic genes within the inversion that are likely to contribute to the differences among morphs in reproductive traits.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kupper, Clemens
Stocks, Michael
Risse, Judith E
Dos Remedios, Natalie
Farrell, Lindsay L
McRae, Susan B
Morgan, Tawna C
Karlionova, Natalia
Pinchuk, Pavel
Verkuil, Yvonne I
Kitaysky, Alexander S
Wingfield, John C
Piersma, Theunis
Zeng, Kai
Slate, Jon
Blaxter, Mark
Lank, David B
Burke, Terry
ENG
2015/11/17 06:00
Nat Genet. 2015 Nov 16. doi: 10.1038/ng.3443.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26569125</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0304089172/Kupper-2015-A supergene determines highly dive.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/ng.3443</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kustra, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonzo, S. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm and alternative reproductive tactics: a review of existing theory and empirical data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20200075</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">375</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1813</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020/10/20</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*alternative mating strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*alternative mating tactics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*ejaculate traits</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sexual selection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sperm competition</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sperm quality</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec 7</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2970 (Electronic)
0962-8436 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33070732</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Males that exhibit alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) often differ in the risk of sperm competition and the energetic trade-offs they experience. The resulting patterns of selection could lead to between-tactic differences in ejaculate traits. Despite extensive research on male ARTs, there is no comprehensive review of whether and what differences in sperm traits exist between male ARTs. We review existing theory on ejaculate evolution relevant to ARTs and then conduct a comprehensive vote-counting review of the empirical data comparing sperm traits between males adopting ARTs. Despite the general expectation that sneaker males should produce sperm that are more competitive (e.g. higher quality or performance), we find that existing theory does not predict explicitly how males adopting ARTs should differ in sperm traits. The majority of studies find no significant difference in sperm performance traits between dominant and sneaker males. However, when there is a difference, sneaker males tend to have higher sperm performance trait values than dominant males. We propose ways that future theoretical and empirical research can improve our understanding of the evolution of ejaculate traits in ARTs. We then highlight how studying ejaculate traits in species with ARTs will improve our broader knowledge of ejaculate evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kustra, Matthew C
Alonzo, Suzanne H
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
England
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020 Dec 7;375(1813):20200075. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0075. Epub 2020 Oct 19.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33070732</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1101513926/Kustra-2020-Sperm and alternative reproductive.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC7661440</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rstb.2020.0075</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamichhaney, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fan, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widemo, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnarsson, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thalmann, D. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoeppner, M. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerje, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gustafson, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shi, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoglund, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andersson, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Genetique Animale et Biologie Integrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></full-title></periodical><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov 16</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1546-1718 (Electronic)
1061-4036 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26569123</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ruff is a Palearctic wader with a spectacular lekking behavior where highly ornamented males compete for females. This bird has one of the most remarkable mating systems in the animal kingdom, comprising three different male morphs (independents, satellites and faeders) that differ in behavior, plumage color and body size. Remarkably, the satellite and faeder morphs are controlled by dominant alleles. Here we have used whole-genome sequencing and resolved the enigma of how such complex phenotypic differences can have a simple genetic basis. The Satellite and Faeder alleles are both associated with a 4.5-Mb inversion that occurred about 3.8 million years ago. We propose an evolutionary scenario where the Satellite chromosome arose by a rare recombination event about 500,000 years ago. The ruff mating system is the result of an evolutionary process in which multiple genetic changes contributing to phenotypic differences between morphs have accumulated within the inverted region.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamichhaney, Sangeet
Fan, Guangyi
Widemo, Fredrik
Gunnarsson, Ulrika
Thalmann, Doreen Schwochow
Hoeppner, Marc P
Kerje, Susanne
Gustafson, Ulla
Shi, Chengcheng
Zhang, He
Chen, Wenbin
Liang, Xinming
Huang, Leihuan
Wang, Jiahao
Liang, Enjing
Wu, Qiong
Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen
Xu, Xun
Hoglund, Jacob
Liu, Xin
Andersson, Leif
ENG
2015/11/17 06:00
Nat Genet. 2015 Nov 16. doi: 10.1038/ng.3430.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26569123</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2442186215/Lamichhaney-2015-Structural genomic changes un.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/ng.3430</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, David B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coupe, Malcolm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynne-Edwards, Katherine E</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testosterone-induced male traits in female ruffs (Philomachus pugnax): autosomal inheritance and gender differentiation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2323-2330</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">266</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1435</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 22, 1999</style></date></pub-dates></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A balanced polymorphism in male mating behaviour exists in male ruffs, with no obvious parallel expression in females. Pedigree data of male phenotypes support an autosomal model of inheritance, in contrast to sex-linked inheritance patterns found in other taxa with sex-limited alternative mating strategy polymorphisms. We tested this model by inducing male courtship behaviour in gonad-intact female ruffs, using subcutaneous testosterone implants that produced physiological concentrations of testosterone. The implants rapidly induced in females both types of male mating behaviour, an increase in body mass typical of pre-breeding males, and the growth of normally male-limited breeding plumage. As predicted under an autosomal model, the distributions of induced male behaviour types in females paralleled those of their brothers and half-brothers, and were inconsistent with sex-linked models. Effects were reversible, and experimental females bred normally in subsequent years. Our results show that genotype-specific male characteristics can be induced by testosterone in female adults that have presumably not undergone neural organization for them early in life, showing direct use of genetic information in intra- and intersexual differentiation.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/266/1435/2323.abstract</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2426206508/Lank-1999-Testosterone-induced male traits in.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rspb.1999.0926</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, David B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farrell, Lindsay L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, Terry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piersma, Theunis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McRae, Susan B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dominant allele controls development into female mimic male and diminutive female ruffs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></full-title></periodical><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 23, 2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maintaining polymorphisms for genes with effects of ecological significance may involve conflicting selection in males and females. We present data from a captive population of ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) showing that a dominant allele controls development into both small, ‘female mimic’ males (‘faeders’), and a previously undescribed class of small ‘female faeders’. Most male ruffs have elaborate breeding plumage and display behaviour, but 0.5–1.5% are faeders, which lack both. Females from a captive population previously lacking faeders were bred with two founder faeder males and their faeder sons. The faeders’ offspring had a quadrimodal size distribution comprising normal-sized males and females, faeders and atypically small females. By contrast, ornamented males fathered only normal-sized offspring. We conclude that both founding faeders were heterozygous for a faeder allele absent from the original population. This allele is dominant to previously described genes that determine development into independent versus satellite ornamented males. Unlike those genes, the faeder allele is clearly expressed in females. Small body size is a component of the male faeder mating strategy, but provides no obvious benefit to females. Bisexual expression of the gene provides the opportunity to quantify the strength of sexually antagonistic selection on a Mendelian trait.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/6/20130653.abstract</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://3516616717/Lank-2013-A dominant allele controls developme.PDF</url><url>internal-pdf://0628175011/rsbl-2013-0653-File003.doc</url><url>internal-pdf://3006968069/rsbl-2013-0653-File004.xlsx</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rsbl.2013.0653</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, David B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Constance M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanotte, Olivier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, Terry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooke, Fred</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic polymorphism for alternative mating behaviour in lekking male ruff Philomachus pugnax</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-62</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">378</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6552</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/378059a0</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/378059a0</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378059a0</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1734575198/Lank-1995-Genetic polymorphism for alternative.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, David B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Constance M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanotte, Olivier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ohtonen, Arvo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bailey, Simon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, Terry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High frequency of polyandry in a lek mating system</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209-215</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 1, 2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The adaptive significance of polyandry by female birds in the absence of direct benefits remains unclear. We determined the frequencies of polyandrous mating and multiple paternity in the ruff, a lekking shorebird with a genetic dimorphism in male mating behavior. More than half of female ruffs mate with, and have clutches fertilized by, more than one male. Individual females mate with males of both behavioral morphs more often than expected. Polyandrous mating was more likely following copulation interference, but interference was uncommon. The multiple paternity rate of ruffs is the highest known for avian lekking species and for shorebirds. The general hypothesis that pair-bond constraints are the major selective factor favoring multiple mating in birds does not predict our findings. Active genetic diversification, which has been widely dismissed as a functional explanation for polyandrous mating in birds, may apply with respect to the behavioral polymorphism in ruffs because of a Mendelian genetic basis for male behavioral morph determination and aspects of male—male cooperation and female choice. However, rates of multiple paternity in other species of lekking birds are higher than generally realized, and the potential benefits of diversification in general deserve further consideration.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/2/209.abstract</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2044897760/Lank-2002-High frequency of polyandry in a lek.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1093/beheco/13.2.209</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">23</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laskemoen, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleven, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fossøy, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robertson, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudolfsen, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lifjeld, J. T.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NO-0318, Norway
Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø University College, Bodø, NO-8049, Norway
Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm quantity and quality effects on fertilization success in a highly promiscuous passerine, the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-11</style></pages><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cloacal protuberance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm competition</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm length</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm motility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tachycineta bicolor</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tree swallow</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm competition is widespread among animal taxa and considered a major force in sperm evolution. Recent comparative studies have indicated that sperm competition selects for high sperm production capacity and long and fast-swimming spermatozoa across species. Here, we examine the role of sperm quantity and quality for fertilization success of individual males in a Canadian population of tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor, a socially monogamous, but highly promiscuous passerine. Male fertilization success (the sum of withinpair and extrapair young) was significantly associated with the size of the cloacal protuberance (a proxy for sperm quantity), but not with sperm size or in vitro sperm swimming speed. In a multivariate analysis, both cloacal protuberance volume and relative sperm midpiece size (i.e. high mitochondrial loading) had significant effects on male fertilization success. However, relative sperm midpiece size was not associated with fertilization success in a simple regression. Further, both cloacal protuberance volume and relative midpiece size had significant effects on sperm velocity, both in simple regressions and in a multivariate analysis. The finding that males with large relative midpiece size had both higher fertilization success and faster swimming sperm, suggests an indirect link between sperm morphology and male fertility mediated through sperm velocity. In conclusion, both quantitative and qualitative sperm traits seem to affect male fertilization success in tree swallows. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Export Date: 7 May 2010
Source: Scopus
Article in Press</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951236330&partnerID=40&md5=4cbc6dbbaec0e670e386b9274a5dcf70</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2040651434/Laskemoen-2010-Sperm quantity and quality effe.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lierz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinschmidt, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muller, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wink, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neumann, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91-93, 35392 Giessen, Germany. [email protected]</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A novel method for semen collection and artificial insemination in large parrots (Psittaciformes)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sci Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sci Rep</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2066</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insemination, Artificial/*veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parrots/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Semen</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2045-2322 (Electronic)
2045-2322 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23797622</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The paper described a novel technique for semen collection in large psittacines (patent pending), a procedure which was not routinely possible before. For the first time, a large set of semen samples is now available for analysis as well as for artificial insemination. Semen samples of more than 100 psittacine taxa were collected and analysed; data demonstrate large differences in the spermatological parameters between families, indicating an ecological relationship with breeding behaviour (polygamous versus monogamous birds). Using semen samples for artificial insemination resulted in the production of offspring in various families, such as Macaws and Cockatoos, for the first time ever. The present technique represents a breakthrough in species conservation programs and will enable future research into the ecology and environmental factors influencing endangered species.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lierz, Michael
Reinschmidt, Matthias
Muller, Heiner
Wink, Michael
Neumann, Daniel
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
2013/06/26 06:00
Sci Rep. 2013;3:2066. doi: 10.1038/srep02066.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23797622</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2953234494/Lierz-2013-A novel method for semen collection.pdf</url><url>internal-pdf://3289099772/Lierz-2013-A novel method for semen collectio1.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3691562</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1038/srep02066</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lifjeld, Jan T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laskemoen, Terje</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleven, Oddmund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Tomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robertson, Raleigh J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Length Variation as a Predictor of Extrapair Paternity in Passerine Birds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e13456</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Library of Science</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"><sec> <title>Background</title> <p>The rate of extrapair paternity is a commonly used index for the risk of sperm competition in birds, but paternity data exist for only a few percent of the approximately 10400 extant species. As paternity analyses require extensive field sampling and costly lab work, species coverage in this field will probably not improve much in the foreseeable future. Recent findings from passerine birds, which constitute the largest avian order (∼5 900 species), suggest that sperm phenotypes carry a signature of sperm competition. Here we examine how well standardized measures of sperm length variation can predict the rate of extrapair paternity in passerine birds.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title> <p>We collected sperm samples from 55 passerine species in Canada and Europe for which extrapair paternity rates were already available from either the same (<italic>n</italic> = 24) or a different (<italic>n</italic> = 31) study population. We measured the total length of individual spermatozoa and found that both the coefficient of between-male variation (CV<sub>bm</sub>) and within-male variation (CV<sub>wm</sub>) in sperm length were strong predictors of the rate of extrapair paternity, explaining as much as 65% and 58%, respectively, of the variation in extrapair paternity among species. However, only the CV<sub>bm</sub> predictor was independent of phylogeny, which implies that it can readily be converted into a currency of extrapair paternity without the need for phylogenetic correction.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion/Significance</title> <p>We propose the CV<sub>bm</sub> index as an alternative measure to extrapair paternity for passerine birds. Given the ease of sperm extraction from male birds in breeding condition, and a modest number of sampled males required for a robust estimate, this new index holds a great potential for mapping the risk of sperm competition across a wide range of passerine birds.</p> </sec></style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013456</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://3172686009/Lifjeld-2010-Sperm Length Variation as a Predi.PDF</url><url>internal-pdf://2044897761/Lifjeld-2010-Sperm Length Variation as a Pred1.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1371/journal.pone.0013456</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loveland, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giraldo-Deck, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lank, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goymann, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gahr, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Küpper, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hormones and Behavior</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hormones and Behavior</style></full-title></periodical><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://3172686010/Loveland-2020.pdf</url><url>internal-pdf://2044897762/Loveland-20201.pdf</url><url>internal-pdf://0304089171/Loveland-2020-Functional differences in the hy.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104877</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>47</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">47</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDiarmid, Callum S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Roger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahrl, Ariel F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rowe, Melissah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Griffith, Simon C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Sizer: a program to semi-automate the measurement of sperm length</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology</style></full-title></periodical><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0340-5443
1432-0762</style></isbn><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2426206507/McDiarmid-2021-Sperm Sizer_ a program to semi-.pdf</url><url>internal-pdf://1101513925/265_2021_3013_MOESM1_ESM.docx</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1007/s00265-021-03013-4</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion Mehlis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joachim G. Frommen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna K. Rahn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theo C. M. Bakker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): effects on testis and sperm traits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">510–520</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01950.x</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0943947739/bij1950.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01950.x</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opatová, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihle, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrechtová, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomášek, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kempenaers, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forstmeier, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republicv.v.i.Kvetna 8CZ-603 65BrnoCzech Republic; Department of Botany and ZoologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityKotlarska 267/2CZ-61137BrnoCzech Republic.
Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse 7 82319 Seewiesen Germany.
Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republicv.v.i.Kvetna 8CZ-603 65BrnoCzech Republic; Charles University in PragueFaculty of SciencesDepartment of ZoologyVinicna 7CZ-12844PragueCzech Republic.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding depression of sperm traits in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecol Evol</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecol Evol</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">295-304</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamete performance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genetic quality</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sperm abnormality</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sperm morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sperm velocity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2045-7758 (Electronic)
2045-7758 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26811793</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbreeding depression, or the reduction in fitness due to mating between close relatives, is a key issue in biology today. Inbreeding negatively affects many fitness-related traits, including survival and reproductive success. Despite this, very few studies have quantified the effects of inbreeding on vertebrate gamete traits under controlled breeding conditions using a full-sib mating approach. Here, we provide comprehensive evidence for the negative effect of inbreeding on sperm traits in a bird, the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata. We compared sperm characteristics of both inbred (pedigree F = 0.25) and outbred (pedigree F = 0) individuals from two captive populations, one domesticated and one recently wild-derived, raised under standardized conditions. As normal spermatozoa morphology did not differ consistently between inbred and outbred individuals, our study confirms the hypothesis that sperm morphology is not particularly susceptible to inbreeding depression. Inbreeding did, however, lead to significantly lower sperm motility and a substantially higher percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in ejaculate. These results were consistent across both study populations, confirming the generality and reliability of our findings.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opatova, Pavlina
Ihle, Malika
Albrechtova, Jana
Tomasek, Oldrich
Kempenaers, Bart
Forstmeier, Wolfgang
Albrecht, Tomas
eng
England
2016/01/27 06:00
Ecol Evol. 2015 Dec 29;6(1):295-304. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1868. eCollection 2016 Jan.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811793</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0945117276/Opatova-2016-Inbreeding depression of sperm tr.pdf</url><url>internal-pdf://2639189051/Opatova-2016-Inbreeding depression of sperm t1.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC4716522</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1002/ece3.1868</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Computer Program">9</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R-Core-Team</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R: A language and environment for statistical computing - version 4.0.2</style></title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></pages><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></edition><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna (Austria)</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R Foundation for Statistical Computing</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-900051-07-0</style></isbn><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.R-project.org/</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.G. Van Rhijn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioural Dimorphism in Male Ruffs, Philomachus Pugnax (L.)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behaviour</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behaviour</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153–227</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1973</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://4059243603/vanrhijn1973.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1163/156853973X00076</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmoll, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudolfsen, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schielzeth, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleven, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
The Arctic University Museum of Norway, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway.
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm velocity in a promiscuous bird across experimental media of different viscosities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Biol Sci</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20201031</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">287</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1931</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020/07/17</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Sperm Motility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatozoa/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viscosity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Phylloscopus trochilus</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*cryptic female choice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*ovarian fluid viscosity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*phenotypic plasticity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*sperm competition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul 29</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2954 (Electronic)
0962-8452 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32673555</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In species with internal fertilization, the female genital tract appears challenging to sperm, possibly resulting from selection on for example ovarian fluid to control sperm behaviour and, ultimately, fertilization. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of swimming media viscosities on sperm performance. We quantified effects of media viscosities on sperm velocity in promiscuous willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus. We used both a reaction norm and a character-state approach to model phenotypic plasticity of sperm behaviour across three experimental media of different viscosities. Compared with a standard medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM), media enriched with 1% or 2% w/v methyl cellulose decreased sperm velocity by up to about 50%. Spermatozoa from experimental ejaculates of different males responded similarly to different viscosities, and a lack of covariance between elevations and slopes of individual velocity-by-viscosity reaction norms indicated that spermatozoa from high- and low-velocity ejaculates were slowed down by a similar degree when confronted with high-viscosity environments. Positive cross-environment (1% versus 2% cellulose) covariances of sperm velocity under the character-state approach suggested that sperm performance represents a transitive trait, with rank order of individual ejaculates maintained when expressed against different environmental backgrounds. Importantly, however, a lack of significant covariances in sperm velocity involving a cellulose concentration of 0% indicated that pure DMEM represented a qualitatively different environment, questioning the validity of this widely used standard medium for assaying sperm performance. Enriching sperm environments along ecologically relevant gradients prior to assessing sperm performance will strengthen explanatory power of in vitro studies of sperm behaviour.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmoll, Tim
Rudolfsen, Geir
Schielzeth, Holger
Kleven, Oddmund
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Jul 29;287(1931):20201031. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1031. Epub 2020 Jul 15.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32673555</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0304089170/Schmoll-2020-Sperm velocity in a promiscuous b.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMC7423661</style></custom2><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1098/rspb.2020.1031</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sokal, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rohlf, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics
in biological research (2nd ed.). </style></title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. H. Freeman and Co.</style></publisher><urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoffel, Martin A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nakagawa, Shinichi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schielzeth, Holger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goslee, Sarah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rptR: repeatability estimation and variance decomposition by generalized linear mixed‐effects models</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecology and Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecology and Evolution</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1639-1644</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></number><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1639</style></section><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-210X
2041-210X</style></isbn><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2953234493/Stoffel-2017-rptR_ repeatability estimation an.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/2041-210x.12797</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Rhijn , J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A scenario for the evolution of social organization in Ruffs Philomachus pugnax and other Charadriform species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-37</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2720143984/a73_025_037.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vanRhijn, Johan G </style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Ruff</style></title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. & A.D. Poyser, London</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-1-4081-3678-2</style></isbn><urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raf Vervoort</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bart Kempenaers</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variation in lek attendance and copulation success of Independent and Satellite male Ruffs Calidris pugnax</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ardea</style></full-title></periodical><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2426206510/a107-303-320.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.5253/arde.v107i3.a9</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obtención, almacenamiento y morfometría de espermatozoides aviares: aplicación para la caracterización y criopreservación de espermatozoides de especies silvestres</style></title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://4146382462/T39060.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villaverde-Morcillo, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteso, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castano, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santiago-Moreno, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veterinary Clinical and Research Services, Fieb Foundation, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Madrid, Spain.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of Post-Mortem Sperm Recovery Method and Extender on Unstored and Refrigerated Rooster Sperm Variables</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reprod Domest Anim</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reprod Domest Anim</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Chickens</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cold Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryoprotective Agents/*pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postmortem Changes</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Refrigeration/*veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semen Preservation/methods/*veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Count/veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Motility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Retrieval/*veterinary</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1439-0531 (Electronic)
0936-6768 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26602054</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many post-mortem sperm collection techniques have been described for mammalian species, but their use in birds is scarce. This paper compares the efficacy of two post-mortem sperm retrieval techniques - the flushing and float-out methods - in the collection of rooster sperm, in conjunction with the use of two extenders, i.e., L&R-84 medium and Lake 7.1 medium. To determine whether the protective effects of these extenders against refrigeration are different for post-mortem and ejaculated sperm, pooled ejaculated samples (procured via the massage technique) were also diluted in the above extenders. Post-mortem and ejaculated sperm variables were assessed immediately at room temperature (0 h), and after refrigeration at 5 degrees C for 24 and 48 h. The flushing method retrieved more sperm than the float-out method (596.5 +/- 75.4 million sperm vs 341.0 +/- 87.6 million sperm; p < 0.05); indeed, the number retrieved by the former method was similar to that obtained by massage-induced ejaculation (630.3 +/- 78.2 million sperm). For sperm collected by all methods, the L&R-84 medium provided an advantage in terms of sperm motility variables at 0 h. In the refrigerated sperm samples, however, the Lake 7.1 medium was associated with higher percentages of viable sperm, and had a greater protective effect (p < 0.05) with respect to most motility variables. In conclusion, the flushing method is recommended for collecting sperm from dead birds. If this sperm needs to be refrigerated at 5 degrees C until analysis, Lake 7.1 medium is recommended as an extender.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villaverde-Morcillo, S
Esteso, M C
Castano, C
Santiago-Moreno, J
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
2015/11/26 06:00
Reprod Domest Anim. 2016 Feb;51(1):40-6. doi: 10.1111/rda.12643. Epub 2015 Nov 24.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602054</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://0719885384/Villaverde-Morc-2016-Influence of Post-Mortem.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/rda.12643</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widemo, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff, Philomachus pugnax: a mixed ESS?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behavior</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behavior</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329-336</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2044897763/Widemo_1998.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0792</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeh, S. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Y. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, A. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ray, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">She, B. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, W. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiang, H. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen, S. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin-Chao, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isolation and properties of Gas8, a growth arrest-specific gene regulated during male gametogenesis to produce a protein associated with the sperm motility apparatus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Biol Chem</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Biol Chem</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6311-7</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001/12/26</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cells, Cultured</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cloning, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytoskeletal Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drosophila melanogaster/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eukaryota</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expressed Sequence Tags</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gametogenesis/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Gene Expression Regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Inbred ICR</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neoplasm Proteins/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organ Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteins/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restriction Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sperm Motility/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testis/metabolism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 22</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0021-9258 (Print)
0021-9258 (Linking)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11751847</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth arrest-specific (Gas) genes are expressed during serum starvation or contact inhibition of cells grown in culture. Here we report the isolation and characterization of Gas8, a novel gene identified on the basis of its growth arrest-specific expression in murine fibroblasts. We show that production of Gas8 mRNA and protein occurs in adult mice predominantly in the testes, where expression is regulated during postmeiotic development of male gametocytes. Whereas a low level of Gas8 mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in testes of murine male neonates and young adolescents, Gas8 mRNA increased rapidly postmeiotically. In adult males, both Gas8 mRNA and protein reached steady state levels in testes that were 10-fold higher than in other tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that Gas8 protein accumulates in gametocytes as they approach the lumen of seminiferous tubules and is localized to the cytoplasm of round spermatids, the tails of elongating spermatids, and mature spermatid tail bundles protruding into the lumen; in epididymal spermatozoa Gas8 protein was present in the flagella. However, premeiotic murine gametocytes lacked detectable Gas8 protein, as did seminiferous tubules in biopsy specimens from seven human males having cytological evidence of non-obstructive azoospermia secondary to Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Our findings, which associate Gas8 production developmentally with the later stages of spermatogenesis and spatially with the sperm motility apparatus, collectively suggest that this growth arrest-specific gene product may have a role in sperm motility. This postulated role for Gas8 is supported by our observation that highly localized production of Gas8 protein occurs also in the cilia of epithelial cells lining pulmonary bronchi and fallopian tubes and by the flagellar association of a Trypanosoma brucei ortholog of Gas8.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeh, Shauh-Der
Chen, Ying-Jiun
Chang, Annie C Y
Ray, Rabindranath
She, Bin-Ru
Lee, Wen-Sen
Chiang, Han-Sun
Cohen, Stanley N
Lin-Chao, Sue
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):6311-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106941200. Epub 2002 Jan 7.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11751847</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://1129566413/Yeh-2002-Isolation and properties of Gas8, a g.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1074/jbc.M106941200</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoko Iwata, Paul Shaw, Eiji Fujiwara, Kogiku Shiba, Yasutaka Kakiuchi and Noritaka Hirohashi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why small males have big sperm: dimorphic squid sperm linked to alternative mating behaviours</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Evolutionary Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Evolutionary Biology</style></full-title></periodical><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">236</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/236</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2426206509/Iwata et al 2011.pdf</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/236</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="ruff_sperm.enl" path="/Users/martinbulla/Dropbox/Science/DATA_collection/ruff_sperm/ruff_sperm.enl">ruff_sperm.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="19.2">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="sz5aawas1p5sfzees5yv0dppe29dad52vtpe">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alain F. Zuur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena N. Ieno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chris S. Elphick</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Highland Statistics Ltd, Newburgh, UK; Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, UK;; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Conservation Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecology and Evolution</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecology and Evolution</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-14</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2041-210X</style></isbn><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1. While teaching statistics to ecologists, the lead authors of this paper have noticed common statistical problems. If a random sample of their work (including scientific papers) produced before doing these courses were selected, half would probably contain violations of the underlying assumptions of the statistical techniques employed. 2. Some violations have little impact on the results or ecological conclusions; yet others increase type I or type II errors, potentially resulting in wrong ecological conclusions. Most of these violations can be avoided by applying better data exploration. These problems are especially troublesome in applied ecology, where management and policy decisions are often at stake. 3. Here, we provide a protocol for data exploration; discuss current tools to detect outliers, heterogeneity of variance, collinearity, dependence of observations, problems with interactions, double zeros in multivariate analysis, zero inflation in generalized linear modelling, and the correct type of relationships between dependent and independent variables; and provide advice on how to address these problems when they arise. We also address misconceptions about normality, and provide advice on data transformations. 4. Data exploration avoids type I and type II errors, among other problems, thereby reducing the chance of making wrong ecological conclusions and poor recommendations. It is therefore essential for good quality management and policy based on statistical analyses.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x</style></url></related-urls><pdf-urls><url>internal-pdf://2550207934/Zuur-2009-A protocol for data exploration to a.PDF</url></pdf-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x</style></electronic-resource-num></record></records></xml>