wiki.csv

url,title,summary
"{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder', 'summary': u"" A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital). Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions.Genetic disorders may be hereditary, passed down from the parents' genes. In other genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA. In such cases, the defect will only be passed down if it occurs in the germ line. The same disease, such as some forms of cancer, may be caused by an inherited genetic condition in some people, by new mutations in other people, and mainly by environmental causes in other people. Whether, when and to what extent a person with the genetic defect or abnormality will actually suffer from the disease is almost always affected by the environmental factors and events in the person's development.Some types of recessive gene disorders confer an advantage in certain environments when only one copy of the gene is present.[1]"", 'title': u'Genetic disorder'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosome', 'summary': u' An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome).[1] The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology unlike those in allosome pairs which may have different structure. The DNA in autosomes is collectively known as atDNA or auDNA.[2]For example, humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total). The autosome pairs are labeled with numbers (1\u201322 in humans) roughly in order of their sizes in base pairs, while allosomes are labelled with their letters.[3] By contrast, the allosome pair consists of two X chromosomes in females or one X and one Y chromosome in males. (Unusual combinations of XYY, XXY, XXX, XXXX, XXXXX or XXYY, among other allosome combinations, are known to occur and usually cause developmental abnormalities.)Autosomes still contain sexual determination genes even though they are not sex chromosomes. For example, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome encodes the transcription factor TDF and is vital for male sex determination during development. TDF functions by activating the SOX9 gene on chromosome 17, so mutations of the SOX9 gene can cause humans with a Y chromosome to develop as females.[4]', 'title': u'Autosome'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-aggravated_myotonia', 'summary': u' Potassium-aggravated myotonia is a rare genetic disorder that affects skeletal muscle. Beginning in childhood or adolescence, people with this condition experience bouts of sustained muscle tensing (myotonia) that prevent muscles from relaxing normally. Myotonia causes muscle stiffness, often painful, that worsens after exercise and may be aggravated by eating potassium-rich foods such as bananas and potatoes. Stiffness occurs in skeletal muscles throughout the body. Potassium-aggravated myotonia ranges in severity from mild episodes of muscle stiffness to severe, disabling disease with frequent attacks. Potassium-aggravated myotonia may, in some cases, also cause paradoxical myotonia, in which myotonia becomes more severe at the time of movement instead of after movement has ceased. Unlike some other forms of myotonia, potassium-aggravated myotonia is not associated with episodes of muscle weakness.Mutations in the SCN4A gene cause potassium-aggravated myotonia. The SCN4A gene provides instructions for making a protein that is critical for the normal function of skeletal muscle cells. For the body to move normally, skeletal muscles contract and relax in a coordinated way. Muscle contractions are triggered by the flow of positively charged ions, including sodium, into skeletal muscle cells. The SCN4A protein forms channels that control the flow of sodium ions into these cells. Mutations in the SCN4A gene alter the usual structure and function of sodium channels. The altered channels cannot properly regulate ion flow, increasing the movement of sodium ions into skeletal muscle cells. The influx of extra sodium ions triggers prolonged muscle contractions, which are the hallmark of myotonia.Potassium-aggravated myotonia is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits a mutation in the SCN4A gene from one affected parent. Other cases result from new mutations in the gene. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.', 'title': u'Potassium-aggravated myotonia'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyosis_hystrix', 'summary': u' Ichthyosis hystrix is a group of rare skin disorders in the ichthyosis family of skin disorders characterized by massive hyperkeratosis with an appearance like spiny scales.[1] This term is also used to refer to a type of epidermal nevi with extensive bilateral distribution.[1][2]', 'title': u'Ichthyosis hystrix'}","{'url': u'https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE', 'summary': u' \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d15\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d25\u0d35\u0d3e \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e. \u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d32 \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d15\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d15\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d35\u0d47\u0d31\u0d46\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d35 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d37\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b,DNA\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d37\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u0d24\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d48\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d09\u0d26\u0d3e\xa0:- \u0d39\u0d40\u0d2e\u0d4b\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7d.', 'title': u'\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barraquer%E2%80%93Simons_syndrome', 'summary': u' Barraquer\u2013Simons syndrome (or acquired partial lipodystrophy,[1] cephalothoracic lipodystrophy,[1] and progressive lipodystrophy)[1]) is a rare form of lipodystrophy, which usually first affects the head, and then spreads to the thorax.[2][3]It is named for Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855\u20131928), a Spanish physician, and Arthur Simons (1879\u20131942), a German physician.[4][5][6]Some evidence links it to LMNB2.[7]', 'title': u'Barraquer\u2013Simons syndrome'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin', 'summary': u' Laminins are high-molecular weight (~400 to ~900 kDa) proteins of the extracellular matrix. They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. The laminins are an important and biologically active part of the basal lamina, influencing cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion.[1][2]Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins that contain an \u03b1-chain, a \u03b2-chain, and a \u03b3-chain, found in five, four, and three genetic variants, respectively. The laminin molecules are named according to their chain composition. Thus, laminin-511 contains \u03b15, \u03b21, and \u03b31 chains.[3] Fourteen other chain combinations have been identified in vivo. The trimeric proteins intersect to form a cross-like structure that can bind to other cell membrane and extracellular matrix molecules.[4] The three shorter arms are particularly good at binding to other laminin molecules, which allows them to form sheets. The long arm is capable of binding to cells, which helps anchor organized tissue cells to the membrane.The laminin family of glycoproteins are an integral part of the structural scaffolding in almost every tissue of an organism. They are secreted and incorporated into cell-associated extracellular matrices. Laminin is vital for the maintenance and survival of tissues. Defective laminins can cause muscles to form improperly, leading to a form of muscular dystrophy, lethal skin blistering disease (junctional epidermolysis bullosa) and defects of the kidney filter (nephrotic syndrome).[5]', 'title': u'Laminin'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrops-ectopic_calcification-moth-eaten_skeletal_dysplasia', 'summary': u' Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia is a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis.[1] It is also known as Greenberg dysplasia.[2] Greenberg characterized the condition in 1988.[3]It has been associated with the lamin B receptor.[4]', 'title': u'Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyonychia_congenita_type_I', 'summary': u' Pachyonychia congenita is an autosomal dominant skin disorder.', 'title': u'Pachyonychia congenita'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meesmann_juvenile_epithelial_corneal_dystrophy', 'summary': u' Meesmann corneal dystrophy, also Stocker-Holt dystrophy, is a type of corneal dystrophy and a keratin disease.It is named for German ophthalmologist Alois Meesmann (1888-1969).[1][2]It is sometimes called ""Meesmann-Wilke syndrome"", after the joint contribution of Meesmann and Wilke.[1][3]', 'title': u'Meesmann corneal dystrophy'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor', 'summary': u' 1AJJ, 1D2J, 1F5Y, 1HJ7, 1HZ8, 1I0U, 1IJQ, 1LDL, 1LDR, 1N7D, 1XFE, 2FCW, 2KRI, 2LGP, 2W2M, 2W2N, 2W2O, 2W2P, 2W2Q, 3BPS, 3GCW, 3GCX, 3M0C, 3SO6, 2M7P, 2MG9, 3P5B, 3P5C, 4NE9394916835', 'title': u'LDL receptor'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_19_(human)', 'summary': u' Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs, the building material of DNA.', 'title': u'Chromosome 19 (human)'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_XXV,_alpha_1', 'summary': u' 8457077018ENSG00000188517', 'title': u'Collagen, type XXV, alpha 1'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevalonate_pathway', 'summary': u' The mevalonate pathway, also known as the isoprenoid pathway or HMG-CoA reductase pathway is an essential metabolic pathway present in eukaryotes, archaea, and some bacteria.[1] The pathway produces two five-carbon building blocks called isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are used to make isoprenoids, a diverse class of over 30,000 biomolecules such as cholesterol, heme, vitamin K, coenzyme Q10, and all steroid hormones.[2]The mevalonate pathway begins with acetyl-CoA and ends with the production of IPP and DMAPP.[3] It is best known as the target of statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase within the mevalonate pathway.', 'title': u'Mevalonate pathway'}","{'url': u'https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use', 'summary': u' \n\n\n', 'title': u'Terms of Use'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_gonadal_dysgenesis', 'summary': u' This syndrome is inherited as an autosomal disease. It affects both males and females but the phenotype differs. In both sexes sensorineural deafness occurs but in females ovarian dysgenesis also occurs.XX gonadal dysgenesis is a type of female hypogonadism in which no functional ovaries are present to induce puberty in an otherwise normal girl whose karyotype is found to be 46,XX. With nonfunctional streak ovaries she is low in estrogen levels (hypoestrogenic) and has high levels of FSH and LH. Estrogen and progesterone therapy is usually then commenced.', 'title': u'XX gonadal dysgenesis'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg', 'summary': u' English: \xa0A new incarnation of Image:Question_book-3.svg, which was uploaded by user AzaTothCreated from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:EquazcionMay 29, 2008', 'title': u'File:Question book-new.svg'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_and_scan_domain_containing_18', 'summary': u' 65982232875ENSG00000121413', 'title': u'Zinc finger and scan domain containing 18'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife', 'summary': u"" The afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the hereafter) is the belief that an essential part of an individual's identity or consciousness continues to exist after the death of the body. According to various ideas about the afterlife, the essential aspect of the individual that lives on after death may be some partial element, or the entire soul or spirit, of an individual, which carries with it and may confer personal identity or, on the contrary, may not, as in Indian nirvana. Belief in an afterlife, which may be naturalistic or supernatural, is in contrast to the belief in oblivion after death.In some popular views, this continued existence often takes place in a spiritual realm, and in other popular views, the individual may be reborn into this world and begin the life cycle over again, likely with no memory of what they have done in the past. In this latter view, such rebirths and deaths may take place over and over again continuously until the individual gains entry to a spiritual realm or Otherworld. Major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics.Some belief systems, such as those in the Abrahamic tradition, hold that the dead go to a specific plane of existence after death, as determined by God, or other divine judgment, based on their actions or beliefs during life. In contrast, in systems of reincarnation, such as those in the Indian religions, the nature of the continued existence is determined directly by the actions of the individual in the ended life, rather than through the decision of another being."", 'title': u'Afterlife'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frashokereti', 'summary': u' \u2014\xa0Events\xa0\u2014Frashokereti (fra\u0161\u014d.k\u0259r\u0259ti) is the Avestan language term (corresponding to Middle Persian fra\u0161agird <pl\u0161krt>) for the Zoroastrian doctrine of a final renovation of the universe, when evil will be destroyed, and everything else will be then in perfect unity with God (Ahura Mazda). The name suggests ""making wonderful, excellent"".[n 1]The doctrinal premises are (1) good will eventually prevail over evil; (2) creation was initially perfectly good, but was subsequently corrupted by evil; (3) the world will ultimately be restored to the perfection it had at the time of creation; (4) the ""salvation for the individual depended on the sum of [that person\'s] thoughts, words and deeds, and there could be no intervention, whether compassionate or capricious, by any divine being to alter this."" Thus, each human bears the responsibility for the fate of his own soul, and simultaneously shares in the responsibility for the fate of the world.[1]', 'title': u'Frashokereti'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_review', 'summary': u' A life review is a phenomenon widely reported as occurring during near-death experiences, in which a person rapidly sees much or the totality of their life history. It is often referred to by people having experienced this phenomenon as having their life ""flash before their eyes"". The life review is discussed in some detail by near-death experience scholars such as Raymond Moody, Kenneth Ring, and Barbara Rommer. A reformatory purpose seems commonly implicit in accounts, though not necessarily for earthly purpose, since return from a near-death experience may reportedly entail individual choice.Experiences number up to eight million in the United States[1]. Although rare, there are also a few accounts of life reviews or similar experiences without a near-death experience, such as during the simpler out-of-body experience or when under circumstances of intense threat or duress. Many scientists discount near-death experiences themselves and criticize their credibility. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting cultural differences in the near-death experience,[2] which is why some believe NDEs are hallucinatory.[3]', 'title': u'Life review'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapture', 'summary': u' In Christian eschatology the rapture refers to the controversial ""predicted"" end time event when all Christian believers\u2014living and resurrected dead\u2014will rise into the sky and join Christ for eternity.[1][2] Some Christians believe this event is predicted and described, using the Greek word ""harpazo"", ""rapio"" in Latin, meaning to snatch away or seize, in Paul\'s First Epistle to the Thessalonians in the Bible 1 Thessalonians 4:17. The term ""rapture"" has come especially to distinguish this event from the event of the ""Second Coming"" of Jesus Christ to Earth, as some think is predicted elsewhere in the Bible, in Second Thessalonians, Gospel of Matthew, First Corinthians and the Revelation.[3]The term ""rapture"" is especially useful in discussing or disputing the exact timing or the scope of the event, particularly when asserting the ""pre-tribulation"" view that the rapture will occur before, not during, the Second Coming, with or without an extended Tribulation period.[4] This is now the most common use of the term, especially among Christian theologians and fundamentalist Christians in the United States.[5] Other, older uses of ""rapture"" were simply as a term for any mystical union with God or for eternal life in Heaven with God.[6] Catholics believe that the ""Rapture"" as a gathering with Christ in Heaven will take place, though they do not generally use the word ""Rapture"" to refer to this event, sometime during the second coming of Christ.[7]There are many views among Christians regarding the timing of Christ\'s return (including whether it will occur in one event or two), and various views regarding the destination of the aerial gathering described in 1 Thessalonians 4. Denominations such as Roman Catholics,[8] Orthodox Christians,[9] Lutherans, and Reformed Christians[10] believe in a rapture only in the sense of a gathering with Christ in Heaven after a general final resurrection, when Christ returns in his Second Coming. They do not believe that a group of people is left behind on earth for an extended Tribulation period after the events of 1 Thessalonians 4:17.[11]', 'title': u'Rapture'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_transfer', 'summary': u' Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique (which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF)), may be used in humans or in animals, in which situations the goals may vary.Embryo transfer can be done at day two or day three, or later in the blastocyst stage, which was first performed in 1984.[1]', 'title': u'Embryo transfer'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_density_lipoprotein_receptor_gene_family', 'summary': u' The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family codes for a class of structurally related cell surface receptors that fulfill diverse biological functions in different organs, tissues, and cell types.[3] The role that is most commonly associated with this evolutionarily ancient family is cholesterol homeostasis (maintenance of appropriate concentration of cholesterol). In humans, excess cholesterol in the blood is captured by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and removed by the liver via endocytosis of the LDL receptor.[4] Recent evidence indicates that the members of the LDL receptor gene family are active in the cell signalling pathways between specialized cells in many, if not all, multicellular organisms.[5][6]There are seven members of the LDLR family in mammals, namely:', 'title': u'Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About', 'summary': u' Wikipedia (/\u02ccw\u026ak\u026a\u02c8pi\u02d0di.\u0259/\xa0(\xa0listen) or /\u02ccw\u026aki\u02c8pi\u02d0di.\u0259/\xa0(\xa0listen) WIK-i-PEE-dee-\u0259) is a multilingual, web-based, free-content encyclopedia project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation and based on a model of openly editable content. The name ""Wikipedia"" is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites, from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning ""quick"") and encyclopedia. Wikipedia\'s articles provide links designed to guide the user to related pages with additional information.Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles, except in limited cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption or vandalism. Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or, if they choose to, with their real identity.The fundamental principles by which Wikipedia operates are the five pillars. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia; however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing.', 'title': u'Wikipedia:About'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_prediction', 'summary': u' In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes protein-coding genes as well as RNA genes, but may also include prediction of other functional elements such as regulatory regions. Gene finding is one of the first and most important steps in understanding the genome of a species once it has been sequenced.In its earliest days, ""gene finding"" was based on painstaking experimentation on living cells and organisms. Statistical analysis of the rates of homologous recombination of several different genes could determine their order on a certain chromosome, and information from many such experiments could be combined to create a genetic map specifying the rough location of known genes relative to each other. Today, with comprehensive genome sequence and powerful computational resources at the disposal of the research community, gene finding has been redefined as a largely computational problem.Determining that a sequence is functional should be distinguished from determining the function of the gene or its product. Predicting the function of a gene and confirming that the gene prediction is accurate still demands in vivo experimentation[1] through gene knockout and other assays, although frontiers of bioinformatics research[citation needed] are making it increasingly possible to predict the function of a gene based on its sequence alone.', 'title': u'Gene prediction'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)', 'summary': u' New ideas and proposals are discussed here. Before submitting: ', 'title': u'Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_Articles', 'summary': u"" Good articles in WikipediaA good article (GA) is an article that meets a core set of editorial standards but is not featured article quality. Good articles meet the good article criteria, passing through the good article nomination process successfully. They are well written, contain factually accurate and verifiable information, are broad in coverage, neutral in point of view, stable, and illustrated, where possible, by relevant images with suitable copyright licenses. Good articles do not have to be as comprehensive as featured articles, but they should not omit any major facets of the topic: a comparison of the criteria for good and featured articles describes further differences.Currently, out of the 5,473,846 articles on Wikipedia, 26,508 are categorized as good articles (about 1 in 207), most of which are listed below. An additional 5,127 are listed as featured articles (about 1 in 1,070) and 3,185 as featured lists (about 1 in 1,720). Because articles are only included on one list, a good article that has been promoted to featured status is removed from the good articles list. Adding good and featured articles and lists together gives a total of 34,820 articles (about 1 in 158). A small plus sign inside a circle () in the top-right corner of an article's page indicates that the article is good."", 'title': u'Wikipedia:Good articles'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theism', 'summary': u' Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of a deity or multiple deities.[1][2] In popular parlance, or when contrasted with deism, the term often describes the classical conception of god(s) that is found in monotheistic and polytheistic religions; a belief in a god or in gods without the rejection of revelation as is characteristic of deism. [3][4]Atheism is commonly understood as rejection of theism in the broadest sense of theism, i.e. the rejection of belief in a god or gods.[5] The claim that the existence of any deity is unknown or unknowable is agnosticism.[6][7]', 'title': u'Theism'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy', 'summary': u' The Irenaean theodicy is a Christian theodicy designed to respond to the problem of evil. As such, it defends the probability of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent (all-powerful and perfectly loving) God in the face of evidence of evil in the world. Numerous variations of theodicy have been proposed which all maintain that, while evil exists, God is either not responsible for creating evil, or he is not guilty for creating evil. Typically, the Irenaean theodicy asserts that the world is the best of all possible worlds because it allows humans to fully develop. Most versions of the Irenaean theodicy propose that creation is incomplete, as humans are not yet fully developed, and experiencing evil and suffering is necessary for such development.Second-century philosopher and theologian Irenaeus, after whom the theodicy is named, proposed a two-stage creation process in which humans require free will and the experience of evil to develop. Another early Christian theologian, Origen, presented a response to the problem of evil which cast the world as a schoolroom or hospital for the soul; theologian Mark Scott has argued that Origen, rather than Irenaeus, ought to be considered the father of this kind of theodicy. Friedrich Schleiermacher argued in the nineteenth century that God must necessarily create flawlessly, so this world must be the best possible world because it allows God\'s purposes to be naturally fulfilled. In 1966, philosopher John Hick discussed the similarities of the preceding theodicies, calling them all ""Irenaean"". He supported the view that creation is incomplete and argued that the world is best placed for the full moral development of humans, as it presents genuine moral choices. British philosopher Richard Swinburne proposed that, to make a free moral choice, humans must have experience of the consequences of their own actions and that natural evil must exist to provide such choices.The development of process theology has challenged the Irenaean tradition by teaching that God\'s power is limited and that he cannot be responsible for evil. Twentieth century philosopher Alvin Plantinga supported the idea that this world is the best possible world, arguing that the good in the world (including God\'s infinite goodness) outweighs the evil and proposing that the ultimate good of God\'s sacrifice when Jesus was crucified necessitated the existence of evil. His free will defence was not a theodicy because he was trying to show the logical compatibility of evil and the existence of God, rather than the probability of God. D. Z. Phillips and Fyodor Dostoyevsky challenged the instrumental use of suffering, suggesting that love cannot be expressed through suffering. However, Dostoyevsky also states that the beauty of love is evident, in that love can continue to grow, withstand and overcome even the most evil acts. Michael Tooley argued that the magnitude of suffering is excessive and that, in some cases, cannot lead to moral development. French theologian Henri Blocher criticised Hick\'s universalism, arguing that such a view negates free will, which was similarly important to the theodicy.', 'title': u'Irenaean theodicy'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha', 'summary': u"" Sidrat al-Muntah\u0101 (Arabic: \u0633\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649\u200e\u200e) is a Lote tree[1] that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass, according to Islamic beliefs. During the Isra and Mi'raj, Muhammad, being the only one allowed, travelled with the archangel Gabriel to the Sidrat al-Muntaha where it is said that Allah assigned the five daily prayers to all humans.[2] It is a member of the Botanical family Rhamnaceae.[3]The lote tree is mentioned in the Qur'an chapter 53, An-Najm (The Star), verses 10-18:10 So did Allah convey the inspiration to His Servant what He (meant) to convey.\n11 The heart in no way falsified that which he saw.\n12 Will ye then dispute with him concerning what he saw?\n13 For indeed he saw him at a second descent,\n14 Near the Lote-tree beyond which none may pass:\n15 Near it is the Garden of Abode.\n16 Behold, the Lote-tree was shrouded (in mystery unspeakable!)\n17 (His) sight never swerved, nor did it go wrong!\n18 For truly did he see, of the Signs of his Lord, the Greatest!"", 'title': u'Sidrat al-Muntaha'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide', 'summary': u"" \nA WikiProject is a group of people who want to work as a team to improve Wikipedia. The WikiProject is not a collection of pages. However, many editors benefit from having central places to discuss and coordinate their efforts on particular topics. This guide from the WikiProject Council outlines some of the typical ways to effectively organize a group of volunteers.Presented below are some ways to organize and run a WikiProject. Coordinators of WikiProjects are not limited to these methods. Individual projects will often develop more unusual features that depend on peculiarities of the projects' scope or activities; the best ways to discover these is through innovative experimentation, or to observe what successful WikiProjects are doing. It is very unlikely that this guide will ever include every possible idea that a project may have used and found successful."", 'title': u'Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruvilla_Pandikattu', 'summary': u' Reverend Kuruvilla Pandikattu, born 28 November 1957, is an Indian Jesuit Priest and Professor of Philosophy, Science and Religion at Jnana-Deepa Vidyapeeth: Institute of Philosophy and Religion, Pune, Maharashtra, India.[1] He is also Director of JDV Centre for Science-Religion Studies (JCSR) and Association of Science, Society and Religion (ASSR), Pune.He has authored/edited twenty-six books and written more than 160 academic articles. He has been involved as co-founder and co-publisher with two journals, Jnanadeepa: Pune Journal of Religious Studies and AUC: Asian Journal of Religious Studies. Further, he has organised more than forty academic conferences. His weekly column on ""Contemporary Spirituality"" appears on Tuesdays in Financial Chronicle.[2] He has been contributing regularly to both academic and popular journals.[3]He is involved in science-religion dialogue and science-related activities,[4] in which topic he has been teaching four courses. His areas of interest (and specialisation) include: Science-Religion Dialogue;[5] Philosophical Anthropology (Emerich Coreth); Hermeneutics (Paul Ric\u0153ur, Bede Griffiths) and Inter-religious dialogue.', 'title': u'Kuruvilla Pandikattu'}","{'url': u'https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_bans', 'summary': u' A global ban is a formal revocation of editing or other access privileges (use of ""Special:EmailUser"" for example) across all Wikimedia projects. A global ban\'s purpose is to prevent harm to Wikimedia projects when a problem cannot be addressed by the community through less restrictive means, and consequently is usually permanent. A global ban is not a form of punishment nor is it meant to provide a \u201ccool down\u201d period. A global ban reflects a broad and clear community consensus.Global bans are exclusively applied where multiple independent communities have previously elected to ban a user for a pattern of abuse. Wikimedia projects are entirely self-governing. Typically, good faith is assumed when a user chooses to become a member of a new community, regardless of his/her history on other projects. Consequently, global bans are not a possibility where a user is only temporarily blocked, or only banned on a single project. Please remember, global bans are intentionally very infrequent.Global bans should not be confused with global blocking, a technical mechanism to prevent IP addresses or ranges of them from editing any Wikimedia Project, with the exception of meta.', 'title': u'Global bans'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbeting', 'summary': u' A gibbet /\u02c8d\u0292\u026ab\u026at/ is any instrument of public execution (including guillotine, executioner\'s block, impalement stake, hanging gallows, or related scaffold), but gibbeting refers to the use of a gallows-type structure from which the dead or dying bodies of executed criminals were hung on public display to deter other existing or potential criminals. In earlier times up to the late 18th century, live gibbeting also took place in which the condemned was placed alive in a metal cage and left to die of thirst.[citation needed] The term gibbet may also be used to refer to the practice of placing a criminal on display within a gibbet.[1] This practice is also called ""hanging in chains"".[2]', 'title': u'Gibbeting'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase', 'summary': u' Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 59 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins.[1] Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.[2] Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases leads to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression.[3] Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.[4]', 'title': u'Receptor tyrosine kinase'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Carrite', 'summary': u"" I'm currently at work on a project compiling Eugene V. Debs Selected Works (in four volumes) with David Walters of Marxists Internet Archive for Haymarket Books. This is an enormous four year project and the time commitment will necessarily reduce my participation at WP to a small fraction of what it has been in recent years. Volume 1: Railway Populist, 1877-1896 has a manuscript due date of Oct. 15, 2017 and will be out sometime in the middle of 2018. Additional volumes will follow at the rate of one per year."", 'title': u'User:Carrite'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': u' Redwood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,059.[3] Its county seat is Redwood Falls, located along the Redwood River near its confluence with the Minnesota River.[4] The largely rural area is devoted to commodity crops of corn and soybeans.The Lower Sioux Indian Reservation (also known as the Mdewakankton Tribal Reservation) is entirely within the county, along the southern bank of the Minnesota River in Paxton and Sherman townships. In the 2000 census, it had a population of 335 persons.', 'title': u'Redwood County, Minnesota'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osimertinib', 'summary': u' Osimertinib (previously known as mereletinib or AZD9291; trade name Tagrisso)[2][3] is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug[4][5] developed by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals \u2013 for mutated EGFR cancers.', 'title': u'Osimertinib'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charolais_cattle', 'summary': u' The Charolais (French pronunciation:\xa0\u200b[\u0283a\u0281\u0254l\u025b]) is a breed of taurine beef cattle from the Charolais area surrounding Charolles, in Burgundy, in eastern France. Charolais are raised for meat; they may be crossed with other breeds, including Angus and Hereford cattle. A cross-breed with Brahmans is called Charbray and is recognised as a breed in some countries.[1]', 'title': u'Charolais cattle'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_video_games', 'summary': u' The relationship between video games and religion is a multifaceted one. Concepts and elements of contemporary and ancient religions appear in video games in various ways: places of worship are a part of the gameplay of real-time strategy games like Age of Empires; narratively, games sometimes borrow themes from religious traditions like in Mass Effect 2.As video games are a form of entertainment, the use of religion can be controversial. Opinions on video games differ from religion and denomination; there are religious groups that use games actively to convert people, while some games are banned for religious reasons. Scholars of religious studies are also studying video games, by looking at the game and to the players and their experiences, with games like Journey (2012).', 'title': u'Religion and video games'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_ideas_in_science_fiction', 'summary': u"" Science fiction will sometimes address the topic of religion. Often religious themes are used to convey a broader message, but others confront the subject head-on\u2014contemplating, for example, how attitudes towards faith might shift in the wake of ever-advancing technological progress, or offering creative scientific explanations for the apparently mystical events related in religious texts (gods as aliens, prophets as time travelers, etc.). As an exploratory medium, science fiction rarely takes religion at face value by simply accepting or rejecting it; when religious themes are presented, they tend to be investigated deeply.Some science fiction works portray invented religions, either placed into a contemporary Earth society (such as the Earthseed religion in Octavia Butler's Parable of the Sower), or in the far future (as seen in Dune by Frank Herbert, with its Orange Catholic Bible). Other works examine the role of existing religions in a futuristic or alternate society. The classic Canticle for Leibowitz explores a world in which Catholicism is one of the few institutions to survive an apocalypse, and chronicles its slow re-achievement of prominence as civilisation returns.Christian science fiction also exists,[1] sometimes written as allegory for inspirational purposes.[2]"", 'title': u'List of religious ideas in science fiction'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Laminins', 'summary': ' ', 'title': u'Category:Laminins'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PDB_1ldr_EBI.jpg', 'summary': u' Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP)\u2022 Class: Small proteinshttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/termsofuse.html', 'title': u'File:PDB 1ldr EBI.jpg'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Territory', 'summary': u"" Seal of the Oregon TerritoryThe Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), the region was divided between the UK and US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union."", 'title': u'Oregon Territory'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life,_the_Universe,_and_Everything', 'summary': u"" Life, the Universe and Everything (1982, ISBN\xa00-345-39182-9) is the third book in the five-volume Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy science fiction trilogy by British writer Douglas Adams. The title refers to the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything.The story was originally outlined by Adams as Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen to be a Tom Baker Doctor Who television six-part story, but was rejected by the BBC.[1] It was later considered as a plotline for the second series of the Hitchhiker's TV series, which was never commissioned.A radio adaptation of Life, the Universe and Everything was recorded in 2003 under the guidance of Dirk Maggs, starring the surviving members of the cast of the original Hitchhiker's radio series. Adams himself, at his own suggestion, makes a cameo appearance; due to his death before production began on the series, this was achieved by sampling his character's dialogue from an audio book of the novel read by Adams that was published in the 1990s. The radio adaptation debuted on BBC Radio 4 in September 2004."", 'title': u'Life, the Universe and Everything'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor', 'summary': u' 2V5E, 3FUB, 4UX8266814573', 'title': u'Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor'}","{'url': u'https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_bans/zh', 'summary': u' \u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5265\u593a\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u201c\u7535\u90ae\u7528\u6237\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\u7981\u5236\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u8f7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba1\u5212\u514d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u3002\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60e9\u7f5a\u6216\u4f7f\u4eba\u201c\u51b7\u9759\u4e00\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u56e0\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u9650\u800c\u88ab\u6570\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u793e\u7fa4\u7981\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba1\u5212\u5747\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u5584\u610f\u63a8\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u4ec5\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u5c01\u7981\u6216\u4ec5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0a\u88ab\u7981\u5236\u9650\u5236\u65f6\u4e0d\u56e0\u91c7\u53d6\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7981\u5236\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9891\u7387\u88ab\u7279\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u52ff\u5c06\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236\u4e0e\u5168\u57df\u5c01\u7981\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u9632\u6b62IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u7f16\u8f91\u4efb\u4f55\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5143\u7ef4\u57fa\u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u3002', 'title': u'\u5168\u57df\u7981\u5236'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Burrows', 'summary': u"" Herbert Burrows (12 June 1845 \u2013 14 December 1922) was a British socialist activist.Born in Redgrave, Suffolk, Burrows' father Amos was a former Chartist leader. He worked for the Inland Revenue and briefly studied at the University of Cambridge.In 1877, Burrows moved to London and joined the National Secular Society. He was a founder member of the Aristotelian Society in 1880, joined the Social and Political Education League and became Vice President of the Manhood Suffrage League. In 1881, he was a founder member of the Democratic Federation, and he became its treasurer in 1883."", 'title': u'Herbert Burrows'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_(character)', 'summary': u' Marvin, the Paranoid Android, is a fictional character in The Hitchhiker\'s Guide to the Galaxy series by Douglas Adams. Marvin is the ship\'s robot aboard the starship Heart of Gold. Originally built as one of many failed prototypes of Sirius Cybernetics Corporation\'s GPP (Genuine People Personalities) technology, Marvin is afflicted with severe depression and boredom, in part because he has a ""brain the size of a planet""[1] which he is seldom, if ever, given the chance to use. Indeed, the true horror of Marvin\'s existence is that no task he could be given would occupy even the tiniest fraction of his vast intellect. Marvin claims he is 50,000 times more intelligent than a human,[2] (or 30 billion times more intelligent than a live mattress) though this is, if anything, a vast underestimation. When kidnapped by the bellicose Krikkit robots and tied to the interfaces of their intelligent war computer, Marvin simultaneously manages to plan the entire planet\'s military strategy, solve ""all of the major mathematical, physical, chemical, biological, sociological, philosophical, etymological, meteorological and psychological problems of the Universe except his own, three times over,"" and compose a number of lullabies.Marvin\'s voice was performed by Stephen Moore on the radio and television series, while Alan Rickman voiced this role in the film. David Learner operated his body on television, having previously played and voiced the part for the stage version, and Warwick Davis wore the Marvin costume for the feature film. The original costume from the 1981 television series makes an appearance in the film, as one of the robots standing in a queue on Vogsphere, where the main characters are trying to release Tricia.', 'title': u'Marvin (character)'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded', 'summary': u' Random page in this categoryThis category includes all pages marked as needing expansion by {{Expand section}}. Because of its size, users may prefer to work with Category:Articles to be expanded, which subdivides expand requests based on when they were requested.', 'title': u'Category:All articles to be expanded'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_list_cleanup_from_April_2014', 'summary': u' \nThis category combines all Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2014 (2014-04) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:Wikipedia list cleanup.', 'title': u'Category:Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2014'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_list_cleanup_from_April_2017', 'summary': u' \nThis category combines all Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2017 (2017-04) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:Wikipedia list cleanup.', 'title': u'Category:Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2017'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_list_cleanup_from_April_2016', 'summary': u' \nThis category combines all Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2016 (2016-04) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:Wikipedia list cleanup.', 'title': u'Category:Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2016'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Meth', 'summary': u' Clifford Lawrence Meth (born February 22, 1961) is an American writer, editor, and publisher best known for his dark fiction, as well as his publishing imprint Aardwolf Publishing. He has said that his work is often ""self-consciously Jewish.""[1]', 'title': u'Clifford Meth'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bureaucrats', 'summary': u' Bureaucrats are Wikipedia users, usually administrators, with additional technical ability to:They are bound by policy and consensus only to grant administrator or bureaucrat access when doing so reflects the wishes of the community, usually after a successful request at Wikipedia:Requests for adminship. In the same fashion, they are expected to exercise judgement in granting or removing bot flags with the advice of the Bot Approvals Group. They are expected to be capable judges of consensus, and are expected to explain the reasoning for their actions on request and in a civil manner. Actions by bureaucrats are also bound by the policy on use of administrative rights.Bureaucrats have been authorized by the community to remove administrator permissions in certain situations outlined below. Bureaucrats do not have the technical ability to remove bureaucrat rights from users or to grant or remove certain levels of access such as oversight or checkuser rights. These actions are performed by stewards, a multilingual group of individuals who serve all Wikimedia projects and are elected and reconfirmed annually by their users. Changes in user rights by stewards are recorded at meta:Special:Log/rights; for more information see m:Requests for permissions.', 'title': u'Wikipedia:Bureaucrats'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mduvekot/moves-to_draft', 'summary': ' ', 'title': u'User:Mduvekot/moves-to draft'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_list_cleanup_from_April_2012', 'summary': u' \nThis category combines all Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2012 (2012-04) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:Wikipedia list cleanup.', 'title': u'Category:Wikipedia list cleanup from April 2012'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoshyant', 'summary': u' Saoshyant (Avestan: Sao\u0161\u0301iia\u1e47t\u0330) is the Avestan language expression that literally means ""one who brings benefit"", and which is used in several different ways in Zoroastrian scripture and tradition. In particular, the expression is the proper name of the Saoshyant, an eschatological saviour figure who bring about Frashokereti, the final renovation of the world in which evil is finally destroyed. The term was contracted to \'Soshans\' in Zoroastrian tradition, and came to apply to three saviour figures that progressively bring about the final renovation.', 'title': u'Saoshyant'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Age', 'summary': u"" Dragon Age is a high fantasy role-playing video game series created by BioWare. The first game, Dragon Age: Origins, was released in 2009. Dragon Age II, a sequel to Origins, was released in March 2011. Dragon Age: Inquisition was released in November 2014. The series' fantasy setting has been used by a variety of other media, including books and tabletop games, and the three main games have been joined by a variety of downloadable content (DLC) add-ons."", 'title': u'Dragon Age'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig_of_Dread', 'summary': u' Brig of Dread or Bridge of Dread is a bridge to Purgatory that a dead soul had to cross. Evil souls fall from the bridge into hell. This is a common afterlife theme found in some form or other in many cultures.The ""Brig o\' Dread"" is an important element in The Lyke-Wake Dirge, an old Northern English waking song.There is much in that song that seems Germanic heathen. The ""Brig o\' Dread"" probably being related to Bifr\xf6st (which probably means ""trembling-way"") or Gjallarbr\xfa (""resounding-bridge"" or ""noisy-bridge"" [1]) [2][3] which may be the symbolism here rather than the Christian later folk-etymological explanation.[4]', 'title': u'Brig of Dread'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visperad', 'summary': u' Visperad[pronunciation?] or Visprad is either a particular Zoroastrian religious ceremony or the name given to a passage collection within the greater Avesta compendium of texts.The Visperad ceremony ""consists of the rituals of the Yasna, virtually unchanged, but with a liturgy extended by twenty-three[a] supplementary sections.""[1] These supplementary sections (kardag) are then \u2013 from a philological perspective \u2013 the passages that make up the Visperad collection. The standard abbreviation for Visperad chapter-verse pointers is Vr., though Vsp. may also appear in older sources.The name Visperad is a contraction of Avestan vispe ratavo,[b] with an ambiguous meaning. Subject to how ratu is translated,[c] vispe ratavo may be translated as ""(prayer to) all patrons""[2] or ""all masters""[1] or the older and today less common ""all chiefs.""[3] or ""all lords.""', 'title': u'Visperad'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_smooth_muscle_hamartoma', 'summary': u' Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma is typically a skin colored or lightly pigmented patch or plaque with hypertrichosis.[1]:627[2]', 'title': u'Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma'}","{'url': u'https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nu%C5%9Ft%C3%AA_hewli', 'summary': ' ', 'title': u'Wikipedia:Nu\u015ft\xea hewli'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Tribulation_Rapture', 'summary': u' In Christian eschatology, the post-tribulation rapture doctrine is the belief in a combined resurrection and rapture of all believers coming after the Great Tribulation.', 'title': u'Post-tribulation rapture'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klamath_Basin_Restoration_Agreement', 'summary': u' The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) is an American multi-party legal agreement determining river usage and water rights involving the Klamath River and Klamath Basin in the states of California and Oregon. Discussion of the KBRA began in 2005 and was ultimately signed into law in February 2010.Parties to the agreement included the state of California, the state of Oregon, the Karuk Tribe, the Klamath Tribes, the Yurok Tribe, Del Norte County, California, Humboldt County, California, Klamath County, Oregon, Siskiyou County, California; 26 private individuals, companies, and local irrigation districts; and seven NGOs including California Trout and Trout Unlimited.[1]', 'title': u'Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement'}","{'url': u'https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%A4sigi_Artikel', 'summary': u' Des sin die Artikel, wo vo de Nutzer vo dr alemannische Wikipedia als \u201el\xe4sig\u201c usszeichnet worde sin. Si erf\xfclle d Kriterie f\xfcr l\xe4sigi Artikel, aber nonit alli Kriterie f\xfcr en bsunders glungene Artikel.Churz z\xe4mmegfasst, sin die Artikel sproochlig un stilistisch guet gschriibe, bhandle die wichtigscht Aspekt vum Thema, sin sachlig korrekt un neutral un wenn m\xf6gli bebilderet.Alli sin h\xe4rzlich yglade wyter aa d\xe4nne Artikel z schaffe, z erwiitre un z verbessre!\nZur Zit sin 57 vo 23.292 Artikel als l\xe4sig uszeichnet. Abstimme, n\xf6ii Vorschl\xe4g mache oder Artikel zur Abwaal stelle chasch au du uff \xfcsrer Kandidate-Syte!', 'title': u'Wikipedia:L\xe4sigi Artikel'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevens_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': u' Stevens County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,726.[2] Its county seat is Morris.[3] The county was named for the Civil War Union general Isaac Stevens; it was named for him in 1862, seven years after a legislative clerical error denied him that honor in 1855 for what became Stearns County.[4]The county has the University of Minnesota Morris at the town of Morris. It was developed in the early twentieth century from the Morris Industrial School for Indians, which opened in the town in 1887 and was originally operated by the Roman Catholic Sisters of Mercy under contract to the federal government.In 1975, a moderate earthquake occurred within the county.', 'title': u'Stevens County, Minnesota'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_philosophy', 'summary': u' Spanish philosophy refers to the philosophical tradition of the people of territories that make up the modern day nation of Spain and of its citizens abroad. Although Spanish philosophical thought had a profound influence on philosophical traditions throughout Latin America, political turmoil within Spain throughout the 20th century diminished the influence of Spanish philosophy in international contexts.[1] Within Spain during this period, fictional novels written with philosophical underpinnings were influential, leading to some of the first modernist European novels, such as the works of Miguel de Unamuno and P\xedo Baroja.[2]', 'title': u'Spanish philosophy'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wagenknecht', 'summary': u' Alfred Wagenknecht (August 15, 1881 \u2013 August 26, 1956) was an American Marxist activist and political functionary. He is best remembered for having played a critical role in the establishment of the American Communist Party in 1919 as a leader of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party. Wagenknecht served as Executive Secretary of the Communist Labor Party of America and the United Communist Party of America in 1919 and 1920, respectively.', 'title': u'Alfred Wagenknecht'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_by_Me_(film)', 'summary': u"" Stand by Me is a 1986 American coming-of-age drama film directed by Rob Reiner, and starring Wil Wheaton, River Phoenix, Corey Feldman, and Jerry O'Connell. The film, whose plot is based on Stephen King's novella The Body (1982) and title is derived from Ben E. King's eponymous song, which plays over the ending credits, tells the story of four boys in a small town in Oregon who go on a hike to find the dead body of a missing child."", 'title': u'Stand by Me (film)'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha%27i_Faith', 'summary': u"" The Bah\xe1'\xed Faith (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u200e\u200e Bah\u0101'i) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.[1] Established by Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h in 1863, it initially grew in the Middle East and now has between 5 and 7 million adherents, known as Bah\xe1'\xeds, spread out into most of the world's countries and territories, with the highest concentration in Iran.[2][3]The religion was born in Iran, where it has faced ongoing persecutions since its inception.[4] It grew from the mid-19th century B\xe1b\xed religion, whose founder taught that God would soon send a prophet in the manner of Jesus or Muhammad.[5] In 1863, after being banished from his native Iran, Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h announced that he was this prophet. He was further exiled, spending over a decade in the prison city of Akka in the Ottoman province of Syria, in what is now Israel. Following Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h's death in 1892, leadership of the religion fell to his son `Abdu'l-Bah\xe1 (1844-1921), and later his great-grandson Shoghi Effendi (1897-1957). Bah\xe1'\xeds around the world annually elect local, regional, and national Spiritual Assemblies that govern the affairs of the religion, and every five years the members of all National Spiritual Assemblies elect the Universal House of Justice, the nine-member supreme governing institution of the worldwide Bah\xe1'\xed community, which sits in Haifa, Israel near the shrine of B\xe1b.Bah\xe1'\xed teachings are in some ways similar to other monotheistic faiths: God is considered single and all-powerful. However, Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h taught that religion is orderly and progressively revealed by one God through Manifestations of God who are the founders of major world religions throughout history; Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad being the most recent in the period before the B\xe1b and Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h. As such, Bah\xe1'\xeds regard the major religions as fundamentally unified in purpose, though varied in social practices and interpretations. There is a similar emphasis on the unity of all people, openly rejecting notions of racism and nationalism. At the heart of Bah\xe1'\xed teachings is the goal of a unified world order that ensures the prosperity of all nations, races, creeds, and classes.[6][7]"", 'title': u""Bah\xe1'\xed Faith""}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus', 'summary': u' Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55\u201365 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.[1][2]', 'title': u'Hepatitis C virus'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_free_will', 'summary': u' The argument from free will, also called the paradox of free will or theological fatalism, contends that omniscience and free will are incompatible and that any conception of God that incorporates both properties is therefore inherently contradictory.[note 1][1][2] These arguments are deeply concerned with the implications of predestination.', 'title': u'Argument from free will'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Central_Asian_boar', 'summary': u' The Central Asian boar (Sus scrofa davidi) is a small long maned subspecies of wild boar indigenous to Southeastern Iran, Pakistan and Northwest India.[1]The subspecies is smaller than the nominate S. s. scrofa. It is light brown in color and has a long and thick mane. Males have been reported to reach weights of up to 158 kg, and females 123 kg.[1]', 'title': u'Central Asian boar'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology', 'summary': u' Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor. These processes include natural selection, common descent, and speciation.The discipline emerged through what Julian Huxley called the modern synthesis (of the 1930s) of understanding from several previously unrelated fields of biological research, including genetics, ecology, systematics and paleontology.Current research has widened to cover the genetic architecture of adaptation, molecular evolution, and the different forces that contribute to evolution including sexual selection, genetic drift and biogeography. The newer field of evolutionary developmental biology (""evo-devo"") investigates how embryonic development is controlled, thus creating a wider synthesis that integrates developmental biology with the fields covered by the earlier evolutionary synthesis.', 'title': u'Evolutionary biology'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards', 'summary': u' The Gaylactic Spectrum Awards (1999\u2013present) are given to works of science fiction, fantasy and horror that explore LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) topics in a positive way. Established in 1998, the awards were initially presented by the Gaylactic Network, with awards first awarded in 1999. In 2002 the awards were given their own organization, the Gaylactic Spectrum Awards Foundation.[1]The major award categories are for best novel, short fiction, and other works. The winners and short list of recommended nominees are decided by a jury. One of the most recognized authors, Nicola Griffith has received the most awards overall, with three wins. Griffith also jointly holds the record for most nominations with Melissa Scott, both having received five nominations. Works of any format produced before the awards were first given were eligible to be inducted into the ""Hall of Fame"", although no work has been inducted since 2003. The list of award winners and Hall of Fame inductees has been called a ""who\'s who of science fiction"" by GLBTQ.com.[2] This article lists the winners in each of the categories, and the inductees to the Hall of Fame.', 'title': u'Gaylactic Spectrum Awards'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrowhead_Region', 'summary': u"" The Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape. The predominantly rural region encompasses 10,635.26 square miles (27,545.2\xa0km2) of land area and includes Carlton, Cook, Lake and Saint Louis counties. Its population at the 2000 census was 248,425 residents. Aitkin, Itasca, and Koochiching counties are also sometimes considered as part of the region. This would increase the land area to 18,221.97 square miles (47,194.7\xa0km2) and the population to 322,073 residents.The Arrowhead Region is quite rugged and dotted with thousands of lakes surrounded by mixed forest, and is home to Voyageurs National Park, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, and the Superior Hiking Trail, which lie amidst the Superior National Forest. Also located in the Arrowhead is Minnesota's only mountain range, the Sawtooth Mountains. For these reasons, a large portion of the economy depends on tourism; it is a common vacation destination for residents of the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan region.The other primary portion of the Arrowhead economy is the iron mining industry. Taconite is mined on the Mesabi Range, shipped by train to Duluth, Silver Bay, and Two Harbors, and shipped by freighter from these ports to major metropolitan areas farther down the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, and Cleveland. In the first half of the 20th century, iron was also mined on the Vermilion Range."", 'title': u'Arrowhead Region'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_XI,_alpha_1', 'summary': u' 130112814ENSG00000060718', 'title': u'Collagen, type XI, alpha 1'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Black_(prohibitionist)', 'summary': u' James Black (September 23, 1823 \u2013 December 16, 1893) was an American temperance movement activist and a founder of the Prohibition Party. In 1872 Black was the first nominee of the Prohibition Party for President of the United States.', 'title': u'James Black (prohibitionist)'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Nominate', 'summary': u' To nominate yourself or another editor for adminship, you must first create an RfA subpage for the candidate. However, it is a good idea to seek out the prospective candidate before you create the RfA subpage \u2013 if the candidate wants to wait or doesn\'t wish to be an admin, creating the page may be a bit awkward for them, so please check first. This will also prevent the candidate from declining the RfA.The RfA subpage will be created automatically when you follow the instructions in the appropriate section below. You will be taken directly to this new subpage when you click the nomination button. On this subpage, the nominator must explain why this candidate would make a good administrator. Next, the candidate must accept the nomination on this subpage. The subpage should not be transcluded to the main RfA page before the candidate has accepted the nomination and made a statement or answered the questions. This ensures editors will not vote against candidates simply because they have not completed the nomination \u2013 this prevents embarrassment and aggravation for everybody. Also please refrain from ""voting"" on an RfA before transclusion. This is a time to prepare the RfA, as well as answer the necessary questions and get co-nominators.Finally, once the nomination has been accepted, the questions answered to the candidate\'s satisfaction, and the candidate is ready for the RfA to begin, the subpage should be transcluded to the RfA page. This can be done by either the candidate or the nominator. This is done by following the ""edit this page"" link in the appropriate section below and adding the template provided above the most recent nomination on the RfA page. Remember to substitute the candidate\'s name for USERNAME in the template.', 'title': u'Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Nominate'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Content_policy_list', 'summary': ' ', 'title': u'Template:Content policy list'}","{'url': u'https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autossomo', 'summary': u' Autossoma (portugu\xeas europeu) ou autossomo (portugu\xeas brasileiro) ou cromossomas som\xe1ticos s\xe3o cromossomas que n\xe3o est\xe3o ligados ao sexo e fazem parte do patrim\xf4nio gen\xe9tico da esp\xe9cie, junto com os cromossomas sexuais.[1]O ser humano possui 44 autossomas que formam 22 pares de cromossomas e mais um par de cromossomas sexuais (alossomo), que determinam o sexo.', 'title': u'Autossomo'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Catholicism', 'summary': u' Catholicism is the entirety of the beliefs and practices of the Latin and Eastern Churches that are in full communion with the pope as the Bishop of Rome and successor of Saint Peter the Apostle, united as the Catholic Church.The first known written use of ""Catholic Church"" appears in a letter by Ignatius of Antioch c. AD 107 to the church of Smyrna, whose bishop, Polycarp, visited Ignatius during his journey to Rome as a prisoner. He wrote:Let no man do anything connected with the Church without the bishop. Let that be deemed a proper Eucharist, which is [administered] either by the bishop, or by one to whom he has entrusted it. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.', 'title': u'Portal:Catholicism'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_diversity', 'summary': u' Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary.Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. The population will continue for more generations because of the success of these individuals.[1]The academic field of population genetics includes several hypotheses and theories regarding genetic diversity. The neutral theory of evolution proposes that diversity is the result of the accumulation of neutral substitutions. Diversifying selection is the hypothesis that two subpopulations of a species live in different environments that select for different alleles at a particular locus. This may occur, for instance, if a species has a large range relative to the mobility of individuals within it. Frequency-dependent selection is the hypothesis that as alleles become more common, they become more vulnerable. This occurs in host\u2013pathogen interactions, where a high frequency of a defensive allele among the host means that it is more likely that a pathogen will spread if it is able to overcome that allele.', 'title': u'Genetic diversity'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory', 'summary': u"" This is a descriptive directory of Wikipedia's how-to and information pages, alongside other related administrative pages in the Wikipedia and Help namespaces. New to Wikipedia? see our introduction for aspiring contributors. If you require interactive assistance, see asking for help. For other useful directories and indexes, see directories."", 'title': u'Help:Directory'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Xxanthippe', 'summary': u'   ', 'title': u'User talk:Xxanthippe'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewall_Wright', 'summary': u' Sewall Green Wright (December 21, 1889\xa0\u2013 March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. He was a founder of population genetics alongside Ronald Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane, which was a major step in the development of the modern synthesis combining genetics with evolution. He discovered the inbreeding coefficient and methods of computing it in pedigree animals. He extended this work to populations, computing the amount of inbreeding between members of populations as a result of random genetic drift, and along with Fisher he pioneered methods for computing the distribution of gene frequencies among populations as a result of the interaction of natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift. Wright also made major contributions to mammalian and biochemical genetics. [4][5][6]', 'title': u'Sewall Wright'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society', 'summary': u' Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a ""substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science"".[1]Fellowship of the Society, the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton (1672),[2] Charles Darwin (1839),[2] Michael Faraday (1824),[2] Ernest Rutherford (1903),[3] Srinivasa Ramanujan (1919),[4] Albert Einstein (1921),[5] Winston Churchill (1941), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944),[6] Dorothy Hodgkin (1947),[7] Alan Turing (1951)[8] and Francis Crick (1959).[9][10] More recently, fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking (1974), Tim Hunt (1991), Elizabeth Blackburn (1992), Tim Berners-Lee (2001), Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2003), Andre Geim (2007), James Dyson (2015), Ajay Kumar Sood (2015) and around 8000 others in total, including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900. As of 2016[update], there are around 1600 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members.[11]Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as \u201cthe equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar\u201d[12] with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]', 'title': u'Fellow of the Royal Society'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R._A._Fischer.jpg', 'summary': u"" Ronald FisherPhotographer died >70yrs ago => PDThis work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or less."", 'title': u'File:R. A. Fischer.jpg'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h', 'summary': u"" The Apostles of Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h were nineteen eminent early followers of Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h, the founder of the Bah\xe1'\xed Faith. The apostles were designated as such by Shoghi Effendi, head of the religion in the earlier half of the 20th century, and the list was included in The Bah\xe1'\xed World, Vol. III (pp.\xa080\u201381).These individuals played a vital role in the development of Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h's Faith, consolidating its adherents and bringing its teachings around the world. To Bah\xe1'\xeds, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the B\xe1b's Letters of the Living."", 'title': u""Apostles of Bah\xe1'u'll\xe1h""}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_XXIII,_alpha_1', 'summary': u' 91522237759ENSG00000050767', 'title': u'Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1'}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_articles_for_improvement', 'summary': u"" We identify and collaborate upon underdeveloped articles that require improvement. Our goal is to use widespread collaborative editing to improve articles over a short time frame. So far, we have improved hundreds of articles; some have even been promoted to good or featured article status! Boldly edit the current article for improvement, or join the project today!This week's article for improvement is:Calorie"", 'title': u""Wikipedia:Today's articles for improvement""}","{'url': u'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1986', 'summary': u' This is a list of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1986.[1]', 'title': u'List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1986'}"