index.ts

//Task (01)
// Install Node.js, TypeScript and VS Code on your computer.

//  Installed Node,js, Typesript, and VS.code

//Task (02)
// Personal Message: Store a person’s name in a variable, and print a message to that person. Your message should be simple, such as, “Hello Eric, would you like to learn some Python today?”

let personName: string = "Brother";
let message: string = " Hello " + personName + " would you like to learn some Python today?";

console.log(message);

// Task (03)
// // Name Cases: Store a person’s name in a variable, and then print that person’s name in lowercase, 
// // uppercase, and titlecase.

let personName1: string = "Izhar Ahmed";

// // Lowercase
let lowercaseName: string = personName1.toLowerCase();
console.log("Lowercase:", lowercaseName);

// // Uppercase
let uppercaseName: string = personName1.toUpperCase();
console.log("Uppercase:", uppercaseName);

// // Title case
let words: string[] = personName1.split(" ");
let titlecaseName: string = "Izhar Ahmed";

// // for (let word of words) {
// //     titlecaseName += word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1).toLowerCase() + " ";
// // }

titlecaseName = titlecaseName.trim();
console.log("Title case:", titlecaseName);

// //Task (04)
// // Famous Quote: Find a quote from a famous person you admire. Print the quote and the name of its author. 
// // Your output should look something like the following, including the quotation marks:
// // Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.”

const author: string = "Franklin D.Roosevelt";
const quote: string = " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. ";

console.log(author + quote +" Once said,  Freedom from... Freedom from fear... Freedom of speech... Freedom of worship...and Freedom of " );

// Task (05)
// Famous Quote 2: Repeat Exercise 4, but this time store the famous person’s name in a variable called famous_person. Then compose your message and store it in a new variable called message. Print your message.

let famous_person: string = "Marie Curie";
let message1: string;
message1 = ' once said, "One never notices what has been done; one only sees what remains to be done."';

console.log(famous_person + message1);

// Task (06)
// Stripping Names: Store a person’s name, and include some whitespace characters at the beginning and end of the name. Make sure you use each character combination, "\t" and "\n", at least once. Print the name once, so the whitespace around the name is displayed. Then print the name after striping the white spaces.

let name1: string = "\t  Albert Einstein  \n";
console.log("Name with whitespace:\n" + name1);
let strippedName: string = name1.trim();
console.log("Name without whitespace:\n" + strippedName); 

// Task (07)
// Number Eight: Write addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations that each result in the number 8. Be sure to enclose your operations in print statements to see the results.

console.log("Addition:", 4 + 4);
console.log("Subtraction:", 16 - 8);
console.log("Multiplication:", 2 * 4);
console.log("Division:", 64 / 8);

// Task (08)
// You should create four lines that look like this:
// console.log(5 + 3)
// Your output should simply be four lines with the number 8 appearing once on each line.

console.log(2 * 4);
console.log(16 - 8);
console.log(64 / 8);
console.log(12 % 4);

// Task (09)
// Favorite Number: Store your favorite number in a variable. Then, using that variable, create a message that reveals your favorite number. Print that message.

let favoriteNumber: number = 42;
let message2: string = `My favorite number is ${favoriteNumber}`;
console.log(message2);

// Task (10)
// Adding Comments: Choose two of the programs you’ve written, and add at least one comment to each. If you don’t have anything specific to write because your programs are too simple at this point, just add your name and the current date at the top of each program file. Then write one sentence describing what the program does.

         //Program 1: Stripping Names with comments.
// This program demonstrates how to remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string.
// Author: Izhar Ahmed (2024-03-01)

let name2: string = "\t  Albert Einstein  \n";
console.log("Name with whitespace:\n" + name2);
let strippedName1: string = name2.trim();
console.log("Name without whitespace:\n" + strippedName1);

        //Program 2: Favorite Number with comments.
// This program stores a favorite number and creates a message revealing it.
// Author: Izhar Ahmed (2024-03-01)

let favoriteNumber1: number = 42;
let message3: string = `My favorite number is ${favoriteNumber1}`;
console.log(message3);

// Task (11)
// Names: Store the names of a few of your friends in a array called names. Print each person’s name by accessing each element in the list, one at a time

let names: string[] = ["Mian Arman Arain", "Mr Yaqoob Malik", "Mr Faizan Malik", "Mr Irfan Pathan"];
for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
  console.log(names[i]);
}

// Task (12)
// Greetings: Start with the array you used in Exercise 11, but instead of just printing each person’s name, print a message to them. The text of each message should be the same, but each message should be personalized with the person’s name.

let names1: string[] = ["Mian Arman Arain", "Mr Yaqoob Malik", "Mr Faizan Malik", "Mr Irfan Pathan"];
for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
  let greeting = `Hello, ${names1[i]}! How are you doing today?`;
  console.log(greeting);
}

// Task (13)
// Your Own Array: Think of your favorite mode of transportation, such as a motorcycle or a car, and make a list that stores several examples. Use your list to print a series of statements about these items, such as “I would like to own a Honda motorcycle.”

let favoriteVehicles: string[] = ["Honda CD70", "Suzuki 150 Bike", "Kia Sportage Car"];
for (let i = 0; i < favoriteVehicles.length; i++) {
  let statement = `I would like to own a ${favoriteVehicles[i]}.`;
  console.log(statement);
}

// Task (14)
// Guest List: If you could invite anyone, living or deceased, to dinner, who would you invite? Make a list that includes at least three people you’d like to invite to dinner. Then use your list to print a message to each person, inviting them to dinner.

let guestList: string[] = ["Mian Arman Arain", "Mr Yaqoob Malik", "Mr Faizan Malik"];
for (let i = 0; i < guestList.length; i++) {
  let invitation = `Dear ${guestList[i]}, I would be honored to have you join me for dinner. It would be a privilege to discuss your contributions to science and your unique perspectives on the world.`;
  console.log(invitation);
}

// Task (15)
// Changing Guest List: You just heard that one of your guests can’t make the dinner, so you need to send out a new set of invitations. You’ll have to think of someone else to invite.
// • Start with your program from Exercise 14. Add a print statement at the end of your program stating the name of the guest who can’t make it.
// • Modify your list, replacing the name of the guest who can’t make it with the name of the new person you are inviting.
// • Print a second set of invitation messages, one for each person who is still in your list.

let guestList1: string[] = ["Mian Arman Arain", "Mr Yaqoob Malik", "Mr Faizan Malik"];
let guestWhoCantMakeIt: string = "Mr Faizan Malik";
let indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt: number = guestList1.indexOf(guestWhoCantMakeIt);
if (indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt !== -1) {
  guestList1.splice(indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt, 1);
  console.log(`${guestWhoCantMakeIt} unfortunately can't make it to the dinner.`);
  let newGuest: string = "Ammaz Ahmed";
  guestList1.push(newGuest);
  console.log(`I have invited ${newGuest} to join the dinner instead.`);
} else {
  console.log(`${guestWhoCantMakeIt} is not on the guest list.`);
}
for (let i = 0; i < guestList1.length; i++) {
  let invitation = `Dear ${guestList1[i]}, I would be honored to have you join me for dinner. It would be a privilege to discuss your contributions to science and your unique perspectives on the world.`;
  console.log(invitation);
}

// Task (16)
// More Guests: You just found a bigger dinner table, so now more space is available. Think of three more guests to invite to dinner.
// • Start with your program from Exercise 15. Add a print statement to the end of your program informing people that you found a bigger dinner table.
// • Add one new guest to the beginning of your array.
// • Add one new guest to the middle of your array. • Use append() to add one new guest to the end of your list. • Print a new set of invitation messages, one for each person in your list.

let guestList2: string[] = ["Mr Adil Khan", "Mr Rehaan Khan"];
let guestWhoCantMakeIt1: string = "Mr Faizan Malik";
// Find the index of the guest who can't make it (using indexOf)
let indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt1: number = guestList2.indexOf(guestWhoCantMakeIt1);
// Check if the guest is found in the list (index !== -1)
if (indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt1 !== -1) {
  guestList2.splice(indexOfGuestWhoCantMakeIt1, 1);
  console.log(`${guestWhoCantMakeIt1} unfortunately can't make it to the dinner.`);
} else {
  console.log(`${guestWhoCantMakeIt1} is not on the guest list.`);
}
let newGuests: string[] = ["Mr Adil Khan", "Mian Arman Malik", "Usama Khan", "Mr Yaqoob Malik", "Mr Rehaan Khan",];
guestList2.unshift(newGuests[0]); // Add to the beginning using unshift
guestList2.splice(Math.floor(guestList2.length / 2), 0, newGuests[1]); // Add to the middle using splice
guestList2.push(newGuests[2]); // Add to the end using push
console.log("I found a bigger dinner table, so I can invite more guests!");
for (let i = 0; i < guestList2.length; i++) {
  let invitation1 = `Dear ${guestList2[i]}, I would be honored to have you join me for dinner. It would be a privilege to discuss your contributions to science and your unique perspectives on the world.`;
  console.log(invitation1);
}

// Task (17)
// Shrinking Guest List: You just found out that your new dinner table won’t arrive in time for the dinner, and you have space for only two guests.

// Interface for guest information
interface Guest {
  name: string;
}
function updateGuestList(guests: Guest[], maxGuests: number): Guest[] {
  console.log(`Unfortunately, there's only space for ${maxGuests} guests at the table tonight.`);
  while (guests.length > maxGuests) {
    const removedGuest = guests.pop();
    if (removedGuest) {
      console.log(`Sorry, ${removedGuest.name}, there won't be enough space for you tonight.`);
    }
  }
  return guests;
}
// Example usage
const guestList3: Guest[] = [
  { name: "Mian Arman Arain" },
  { name: "Mr Adil Khan" },
  { name: "Mr Yaqoob Malik" },
  { name: "Usama Amjad" },
];
const finalGuests = updateGuestList(guestList3, 2);
console.log("Here's the final guest list:");
finalGuests.forEach((guest) => console.log(guest.name));

// Task (18)

// Seeing the World: Think of at least five places in the world you’d like to visit.
// • Store the locations in a array. Make sure the array is not in alphabetical order.
// • Print your array in its original order.
// • Print your array in alphabetical order without modifying the actual list.
// • Show that your array is still in its original order by printing it.
// • Print your array in reverse alphabetical order without changing the order of the original list.
// • Show that your array is still in its original order by printing it again.
// • Reverse the order of your list. Print the array to show that its order has changed.
// • Reverse the order of your list again. Print the list to show it’s back to its original order.
// • Sort your array so it’s stored in alphabetical order. Print the array to show that its order has been changed.
// • Sort to change your array so it’s stored in reverse alphabetical order. Print the list to show that its order has changed.

const travelList: string[] = [
  "saudi arabia",
  "dubai",
  "finland",
  "united kingdum",
  "turkey"
];
function printList(list: string[]): void {
  console.log("Travel List:");
  list.forEach((place) => console.log(place));
}
printList(travelList);
console.log("\nTravel List (Alphabetical - Copy):");
const sortedCopy = [...travelList].sort();
printList(sortedCopy);
console.log("\nOriginal List (Unmodified):");
printList(travelList);
console.log("\nTravel List (Reverse Alphabetical - Copy):");
sortedCopy.sort((a, b) => b.localeCompare(a));
printList(sortedCopy);
console.log("\nOriginal List (Unmodified):");
printList(travelList);
travelList.reverse();
console.log("\nTravel List (Reversed):");
printList(travelList);
travelList.reverse();
console.log("\nTravel List (Original Order Restored):");
printList(travelList);
travelList.sort();
console.log("\nTravel List (Sorted Alphabetically):");
printList(travelList);
travelList.sort((a, b) => b.localeCompare(a));
console.log("\nTravel List (Sorted Reverse Alphabetically):");
printList(travelList);

// Task (19)
// Dinner Guests: Working with one of the programs from Exercises 14 through 18, print a message indicating the number of people you are inviting to dinner.

interface Guest {
  name: string;
}
function inviteToDinner(guests: Guest[]): void {
  const guestCount = guests.length;
  if (guestCount > 0) {
    console.log(`You are inviting ${guestCount} people to dinner:`);
    guests.forEach((guest) => console.log(`- ${guest.name}`));
  } else {
    console.log("Looks like you're not inviting anyone to dinner tonight.");
  }
}
const guestList4: Guest[] = [
  { name: "Mian arman Arain" },
  { name: "Mr Adil Khan" },
];
inviteToDinner(guestList4);

// Task (20)
// Think of something you could store in a array. For example, you could make a list of mountains, rivers, countries, cities, languages, or anything else you’d like. Write a program that creates a list containing these items.

// Array of mountains
const mountains: string[] = ["Mount Everest", "K2", "Kilimanjaro"];
const rivers: string[] = ["Indus 2900", "Jehlum 725"]; 
// Array of countries
const countries: string[] = ["Pakistan", "Dubai", "Qater"];
// Array of cities
const cities: string[] = ["Karachi", "Faisal Abad", "Lahore"];
// Array of languages
const languages: string[] = ["English", "Urdu", "Panjabi"];
console.log("Mountains:");
printList(mountains);
console.log("\nRivers:");
printList(rivers);
console.log("\nCountries:");
printList(countries);
console.log("\nCities:");
printList(cities);
console.log("\nLanguages:");
printList(languages);
// Function to print the array elements (for reusability)
function printList1(list: any[]): void {
  list.forEach((item) => console.log(item));
}

// Task (21)
// They think of something you could store in a TypeScript Object. Write a program that creates Objects containing these items.

// Object for a book
interface Book {
  title: string;
  author: string;
  yearPublished: number;
}
const book1: Book = {
  title: "The Lord of the Rings",
  author: "J.R.R. Tolkien",
  yearPublished: 1954,
};
// Object for a movie
interface Movie {
  title: string;
  director: string;
  releaseYear: number;
  genre: string;
}
const movie1: Movie = {
  title: "The Shawshank Redemption",
  director: "Frank Darabont",
  releaseYear: 1994,
  genre: "Drama",
};
// Object for a person
interface Person {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  occupation: string;
}
const person1: Person = {
  name: "Izhar Ahmed",
  age: 37,
  occupation: "Business Man",
};
// Print object details
function printObject(obj: any): void {
  for (const key in obj) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${obj[key]}`);
  }
}
console.log("Book Details:");
printObject(book1);
console.log("\nMovie Details:");
printObject(movie1);
console.log("\nPerson Details:");
printObject(person1);

// Task (22)
// Intentional Error: If you haven’t received an array index error in one of your programs yet, try to make one happen. Change an index in one of your programs to produce an index error. Make sure you correct the error before closing the program.

// Interface for guest information
interface Guest {
  name: string;
}
function updateGuestList1(guests: Guest[], maxGuests: number): Guest[] {
  console.log(`Unfortunately, there's only space for ${maxGuests} guests at the table tonight.`);
  // Loop until only two guests remain (introduce intentional error)
  while (guests.length > maxGuests + 1) { // Changed from maxGuests to maxGuests + 1
    const removedGuest = guests.pop();
    // Inform the removed guest
    if (removedGuest) {
      console.log(`Sorry, ${removedGuest.name}, there won't be enough space for you tonight.`);
    }
  }
  return guests;
}
// Example usage
const myguestList: Guest[] = [
  { name: "MianArman Arain" },
  { name: "Mr Yaqoob Malik" },
  { name: "Mr Faizan Malik" },
  { name: "Mr adil Khan" },
];
const finalGuests1 = updateGuestList(myguestList, 2);
console.log("Here's the final guest list:");
finalGuests.forEach((guest) => console.log(guest.name));

// Task (23)
// Conditional Tests: Write a series of conditional tests. Print a statement describing each test and your prediction for the results of each test. Your code should look something like this:
// let car = 'subaru';
// console.log("Is car == 'subaru'? I predict True.")
// console.log(car == 'subaru')
// • Look closely at your results, and make sure you understand why each line evaluates to True or False.
// • Create at least 10 tests. Have at least 5 tests evaluate to True and another 5 tests evaluate to False

let num3: number = 10;
let num4: number = 20;
let str3: string = "apple";
let str4: string = "banana";
let bool1: boolean = true;

// Type Checks (True)
console.log("Is num1 a number? I predict True.");
console.log(typeof num3 === "number");

console.log("Is str1 a string? I predict True.");
console.log(typeof str3 === "string");

console.log("Is bool a boolean? I predict True.");
console.log(typeof bool1 === "boolean");

// Comparison Checks (True & False)
console.log("Is num1 equal to num2? I predict False.");
console.log(num3 === num4);

console.log("Is str1 equal to 'apple'? I predict True.");
console.log(str3 === "apple");

console.log("Is str1 strictly equal to str2 (case-sensitive)? I predict False.");
console.log(str3 === str4);

console.log("Is bool true? I predict True.");
console.log(bool1 === true);

// Falsy Checks (True & False)
console.log("Is num1 considered falsy (0)? I predict False.");
console.log(num3 === 0);

console.log("Is an empty string falsy? I predict True.");
console.log("King" , false);

console.log("Is null considered falsy? I predict True.");
console.log(null === false);

// Task (24)
// More Conditional Tests: You don’t have to limit the number of tests you create to 10. If you want to try more comparisons, write more tests. Have at least one True and one False result for each of the following:
// • Tests for equality and inequality with strings
// • Tests using the lower case function
// • Numerical tests involving equality and inequality, greater than and less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to
// • Tests using "and" and "or" operators
// • Test whether an item is in a array
// • Test whether an item is not in a array

let num1: number = 10;
let num2: number = 20;
let str1: string = "apple";
let str2: string = "Apple";
let arr1: string[] = ["apple", "banana", "orange"];
let itemInArray: string = "orange";
let itemNotInArray: string = "grape";
let bool: boolean = true;

// String Tests (True & False)
console.log("Is str1 equal to 'apple'? I predict True.");
console.log(str1 === "apple");

console.log("Is str1 strictly equal to str2 (case-sensitive)? I predict False.");
console.log(str1 === str2);

console.log("Is str1 equal to lowercase of str2? I predict True.");
console.log(str1 === str2.toLowerCase());

// Numerical Tests (True & False)
console.log("Is num1 equal to num2? I predict False.");
console.log(num1 === num2);

console.log("Is num1 greater than num2? I predict False.");
console.log(num1 > num2);

console.log("Is num1 less than or equal to num2? I predict True.");
console.log(num1 <= num2);

// Logical Operators (True & False)
console.log("Is num1 greater than 5 and less than 15 (True AND False)? I predict False.");
console.log(num1 > 5 && num1 < 15);

console.log("Is num1 greater than 5 or less than 15 (True OR False)? I predict True.");
console.log(num1 > 5 || num1 < 15);

// Array Tests (True & False)
console.log("Is 'orange' in the array arr1? I predict True.");
console.log(arr1);

console.log("Is 'grape' in the array arr1? I predict False.");
console.log(arr1);

// Task (25)
// Alien Colors #1: Imagine an alien was just shot down in a game. Create a variable called alien_color and assign it a value of 'green', 'yellow', or 'red'.
// • Write an if statement to test whether the alien’s color is green. If it is, print a message that the player just earned 5 points.
// • Write one version of this program that passes the if test and another that fails. (The version that fails will have no output.)

let alien_color: string = "green"; // Change to "yellow" or "red" for different outcomes

if (alien_color === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The alien was not green. No points awarded."); // Optional for explaining non-green cases
}
// Test case where alien is not green (no output)
alien_color = "yellow";
if (alien_color === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
}

// Task (26)
// Alien Colors #2: Choose a color for an alien as you did in Exercise 25, and write an if-else chain.
// • If the alien’s color is green, print a statement that the player just earned 5 points for shooting the alien.
// • If the alien’s color isn’t green, print a statement that the player just earned 10 points.
// • Write one version of this program that runs the if block and another that runs the else block.

let alien_color1: string = "green"; // Change to a non-green color ("yellow" or "red") for else block

if (alien_color1 === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The player just earned 10 points for shooting a non-green alien!");
}
// Test case where alien is not green
alien_color1 = "yellow";
if (alien_color1 === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The player just earned 10 points for shooting a non-green alien!");
}

// Task (27)
// Alien Colors #3: Turn your if-else chain from Exercise 5-4 into an if-else chain.
// • If the alien is green, print a message that the player earned 5 points.
// • If the alien is yellow, print a message that the player earned 10 points.
// • If the alien is red, print a message that the player earned 15 points.
// • Write three versions of this program, making sure each message is printed for the appropriate color alien.

let alien_color2: string = "green"; // Change to "yellow" or "red" for different outcomes

if (alien_color2 === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else if (alien_color === "yellow") {
  console.log("The player just earned 10 points for shooting the yellow alien!");
} else if (alien_color2 === "red") {
  console.log("The player just earned 15 points for shooting the red alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The alien was an unknown color. No points awarded."); // Optional for handling unexpected colors
}

// Test cases for yellow and red aliens
alien_color2 = "yellow";
if (alien_color2 === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else if (alien_color2 === "yellow") {
  console.log("The player just earned 10 points for shooting the yellow alien!");
} else if (alien_color2 === "red") {
  console.log("The player just earned 15 points for shooting the red alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The alien was an unknown color. No points awarded.");
}

alien_color2 = "red";
if (alien_color2 === "green") {
  console.log("The player just earned 5 points for shooting the green alien!");
} else if (alien_color2 === "yellow") {
  console.log("The player just earned 10 points for shooting the yellow alien!");
} else if (alien_color2 === "red") {
  console.log("The player just earned 15 points for shooting the red alien!");
} else {
  console.log("The alien was an unknown color. No points awarded.");
}

// Task (28)
// Stages of Life: Write an if-else chain that determines a person’s stage of life. Set a value for the variable age, and then:
// • If the person is less than 2 years old, print a message that the person is a baby.
// • If the person is at least 2 years old but less than 4, print a message that the person is a toddler.
// • If the person is at least 4 years old but less than 13, print a message that the person is a kid.
// • If the person is at least 13 years old but less than 20, print a message that the person is a teenager.
// • If the person is at least 20 years old but less than 65, print a message that the person is an adult.
// • If the person is age 65 or older, print a message that the person is an elder.

let age: number = 30; // Change the value to test different stages

if (age < 2) {
  console.log("The person is a baby.");
} else if (age >= 2 && age < 4) {
  console.log("The person is a toddler.");
} else if (age >= 4 && age < 13) {
  console.log("The person is a kid.");
} else if (age >= 13 && age < 20) {
  console.log("The person is a teenager.");
} else if (age >= 20 && age < 65) {
  console.log("The person is an adult.");
} else {
  console.log("The person is an elder.");
}

// Task (29)
// Favorite Fruit: Make a array of your favorite fruits, and then write a series of independent if statements that check for certain fruits in your array.
// • Make a array of your three favorite fruits and call it favorite_fruits.
// • Write five if statements. Each should check whether a certain kind of fruit is in your array. If the fruit is in your array, the if block should print a statement, such as You really like bananas!

let favorite_fruits: string[] = ["apple", "banana", "orange"];

// Independent if statements for each fruit
for (let i = 0; i < favorite_fruits.length; i++) {
  if (favorite_fruits[i] === "apple") {
    console.log("You really like apples!");
  } else if (favorite_fruits[i] === "banana") {
    console.log("You really like bananas!");
  } else if (favorite_fruits[i] === "orange") {
    console.log("You really like oranges!");
  }
}
// Testing Non-existent Fruits (no output)
if (favorite_fruits[0] === "mango") { // Check first element for a non-existent fruit
  console.log("You really like mangoes! (This is not in your favorite_fruits array)");
}
if (favorite_fruits[favorite_fruits.length - 1] === "grape") { // Check last element for another non-existent fruit
  console.log("You really like grapes! (This is not in your favorite_fruits array)");
}

// Task (30)
// Hello Admin: Make a array of five or more usernames, including the name 'admin'. Imagine you are writing code that will print a greeting to each user after they log in to a website. Loop through the array, and print a greeting to each user:
// • If the username is 'admin', print a special greeting, such as Hello admin, would you like to see a status report?
// • Otherwise, print a generic greeting, such as Hello Eric, thank you for logging in again.

let usernames: string[] = ["Anas", "admin", "Usman", "umar", "Ezaan"];

for (let i = 0; i < usernames.length; i++) {
  if (usernames[i] === "admin") {
    console.log(`Hello ${usernames[i]}, would you like to see a status report?`);
  } else {
    console.log(`Hello ${usernames[i]}, thank you for logging in again.`);
  }
}

// Task (31)
// No Users: Add an if test to Exercise 28 to make sure the list of users is not empty.
// • If the list is empty, print the message We need to find some users!
// • Remove all of the usernames from your array, and make sure the correct message is printed.

let usernames1: string[] = []; // Empty array for testing

if (usernames1.length === 0) {
  console.log("We need to find some users!");
} else {
  for (let i = 0; i < usernames1.length; i++) {
    if (usernames1[i] === "admin") {
      console.log(`Hello ${usernames1[i]}, would you like to see a status report?`);
    } else {
      console.log(`Hello ${usernames1[i]}, thank you for logging in again.`);
    }
  }
}

// Task (32)
// Checking Usernames: Do the following to create a program that simulates how websites ensure that everyone has a unique username.
// • Make a list of five or more usernames called current_users.
// • Make another list of five usernames called new_users. Make sure one or two of the new usernames are also in the current_users list.
// • Loop through the new_users list to see if each new username has already been used. If it has, print a message that the person will need to enter a new username. If a username has not been used, print a message saying that the username is available.
// • Make sure your comparison is case insensitive. If 'John' has been used, 'JOHN' should not be accepted.

let current_users: string[] = ["Arman", "Imran", "Kamran", "Umair", "Waqas"];
let new_users: string[] = ["Zubair", "Imran", "Ezaan", "Arman", "Faizan"];

function isUsernameAvailable(username: string): boolean {
  for (let i = 0; i < current_users.length; i++) {
    if (username.toLowerCase() === current_users[i].toLowerCase()) {
      return false; // Username already exists
    }
  }
  return true; // Username is available
}

for (let i = 0; i < new_users.length; i++) {
  let username = new_users[i];
  if (isUsernameAvailable(username)) {
    console.log(`Username '${username}' is available.`);  
  } else {
    console.log(`Username '${username}' is already taken. Please choose another username.`);
  }
}

// Task (33)
//  Ordinal Numbers: Ordinal numbers indicate their position in a array, such as 1st or 2nd.
  // Most ordinal numbers end in th, except 1, 2, and 3.
// • Store the numbers 1 through 9 in a array.
// • Loop through the array.
// • Use an if-else chain inside the loop to print the proper
//  ordinal ending for each number.
//  Your output should read "1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th", and each result should be on a separate line.

const numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];

for (const number of numbers) {
  let suffix: string;
  const lastDigit = number % 10; // Get the last digit of the number

  if (lastDigit === 1 && number !== 11) {
    suffix = "st";
  } else if (lastDigit === 2 && number !== 12) {
    suffix = "nd";
  } else if (lastDigit === 3 && number !== 13) {
    suffix = "rd";
  } else {
    suffix = "th";
  }

  console.log(`${number}${suffix}`);
}




// Task (34)
// Pizzas: Think of at least three kinds of your favorite pizza. Store these pizza names in a array, and then use a for loop to print the name of each pizza.
// • Modify your for loop to print a sentence using the name of the pizza instead of printing just the name of the pizza. For each pizza you should have one line of output containing a simple statement like I like pepperoni pizza.
// • Add a line at the end of your program, outside the for loop, that states how much you like pizza. The output should consist of three or more lines about the kinds of pizza you like and then an additional sentence, such as I really love pizza!

let favoritePizzas: string[] = ["pepperoni", "margherita", "vegetarian"];

for (let i = 0; i < favoritePizzas.length; i++) {
  let pizzaName = favoritePizzas[i];
  console.log(`I like ${pizzaName} pizza.`);
}

console.log("I really love pizza!");

// Task (35)
// Animals: Think of at least three different animals that have a common characteristic. Store the names of these animals in a list, and then use a for loop to print out the name of each animal. • Modify your program to print a statement about each animal, such as A dog would make a great pet. • Add a line at the end of your program stating what these animals have in common. You could print a sentence such as Any of these animals would make a great pet!

let furryFriends: string[] = ["dog", "cat", "rabbit"];

for (let i = 0; i < furryFriends.length; i++) {
  let animal = furryFriends[i];
  console.log(`${animal.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${animal.slice(1)}s would make a great pet.`); // Capitalize first letter
}

console.log("Any of these animals would make a great furry friend!");

// Task (36)
// T-Shirt: Write a function called make_shirt() that accepts a size and the text of a message that should be printed on the shirt. The function should print a sentence summarizing the size of the shirt and the message printed on it. Call the function.

function make_shirt(size: string, message: string): void {
  console.log(`You ordered a ${size.toUpperCase()} size t-shirt with the message: "${message}"`);
}

// Call the function with different sizes and messages
make_shirt("medium", "I love TypeScript!");
make_shirt("large", "Coding is fun!");

// Task (37)
// Large Shirts: Modify the make_shirt() function so that shirts are large by default with a message that reads I love TypeScript. Make a large shirt and a medium shirt with the default message, and a shirt of any size with a different message

function make_shirt1(size = "large", message = "I love TypeScript!"): void {
  console.log(`You ordered a ${size.toUpperCase()} size t-shirt with the message: "${message}"`);
}

// Calls with different arguments
make_shirt1(); // Default size (large) and message
make_shirt1("medium"); // Medium size, default message
make_shirt1("small", "Python is cool too!"); // Small size, custom message

// Task (38)
// Cities: Write a function called describe_city() that accepts the name of a city and its country. The function should print a simple sentence, such as Karachi is in Pakistan. Give the parameter for the country a default value. Call your function for three different cities, at least one of which is not in the default country.

function describe_city(city: string, country = "Pakistan"): void {
  console.log(`${city} is in ${country}.`);
}

// Call the function for different cities
describe_city("Karachi"); // Default country (Pakistan)
describe_city("Berlin", "Germany"); // Specify country
describe_city("New York", "USA"); // Specify country

// Task (39)
// City Names: Write a function called city_country() that takes in the name of a city and its country. The function should return a string formatted like this:
// "Lahore, Pakistan"
// Call your function with at least three city-country pairs, and print the value that’s returned.

function city_country(city: string, country: string): string {
  return `${city}, ${country}`; // Use template literals for formatted string
}

// Call the function and print the returned values
console.log(city_country("Tokyo", "Japan"));
console.log(city_country("London", "England"));
console.log(city_country("Toronto", "Canada"));

// Task (40)
// Album: Write a function called make_album() that builds a Object describing a music album. 
// The function should take in an artist name and an album title, and it should return a Object containing these two pieces
//  of information. Use the function to make three dictionaries representing different albums. Print each return value 
//  to show that Objects are storing the album information correctly. Add an optional parameter to make_album() that allows
//   you to store the number of tracks on an album. If the calling line includes a value for the number of tracks, add that
//    value to the album’s Object. Make at least one new function call that includes the number of tracks on an album.

type Album = {
  artist: string;
  title: string;
  tracks?: number; // Optional property for number of tracks
};

function make_album(artist: string, title: string, tracks?: number): Album {
  return {
    artist,
    title,
    tracks, // Add tracks if provided
  };
}

// Create three albums
const album1 = make_album("Daft Punk", "Random Access Memories");
const album2 = make_album("The Beatles", "Abbey Road");
const album3 = make_album("Pink Floyd", "The Dark Side of the Moon", 9);

// Print album information
console.log(album1);
console.log(album2);
console.log(album3);




// Task (41)
// Magicians: Make a array of magician’s names. Pass the array to a function
//  called show_magicians(), which prints the name of each magician in the array.

const magicians: string[] = ["David Copperfield", "Criss Angel", "Dynamo"];

function showMagicians2(magicians: string[]): void {
  for (const magician of magicians) {
    console.log(magician);
  }
}

showMagicians(magicians);

// Task (42)
// Great Magicians: Start with a copy of your program from Exercise 39. Write a function called make_great() that 
// modifies the array of magicians by adding the phrase the Great to each magician’s name. Call show_magicians() 
// to see that the list has actually been modified.

const magicians1: string[] = ["David Copperfield", "Criss Angel", "Dynamo"];

function makeGreat(magicians: string[]): void {
  // Loop through each magician
  for (let i = 0; i < magicians.length; i++) {
    // Modify the element at the current index
    magicians[i] = magicians[i] + " the Great";
  }
}

function showMagicians1(magicians: string[]): void {
  for (const magician of magicians) {
    console.log(magician);
  }
}

// Make the magicians great
makeGreat(magicians);

// Show the modified list
showMagicians(magicians);

// Task (43)
// Unchanged Magicians: Start with your work from Exercise 40. Call the function make_great() with a copy of the 
// array of magicians’ names. Because the original array will be unchanged, return the new array and store it in a 
// separate array. Call show_magicians() with each array to show that you have one array of the original names 
// and one array with the Great added to each magician’s name

const magicians2: string[] = ["David Copperfield", "Criss Angel", "Dynamo"];

function makeGreat1(originalMagicians: string[]): string[] {
  // Create a new array to store modified names
  const greatMagicians: string[] = [];

  // Loop through each magician in the original array
  for (const magician of originalMagicians) {
    // Add "the Great" to the new array
    greatMagicians.push(magician + " the Great");
  }

  // Return the new array with modified names
  return greatMagicians;
}

function showMagicians(magicians: string[]): void {
  for (const magician of magicians) {
    console.log(magician);
  }
}

// Create a copy of the original array
const originalMagiciansCopy = [...magicians];

// Make the great magicians (returns a new array)
const greatMagicians = makeGreat(originalMagiciansCopy);

// Show the original magicians
showMagicians(magicians);

// Show the great magicians
showMagicians(magicians1);

// Task (44)
// Sandwiches: Write a function that accepts a array of items a person wants on a sandwich. The function should have one
//  parameter that collects as many items as the function call provides, and it should print a summary of the sandwich 
//  that is being ordered. Call the function three times, using a different number of arguments each time.

function buildSandwichSummary(...sandwichItems: string[]): void {
  // Check if any items were provided
  if (sandwichItems.length === 0) {
    console.log("You haven't ordered any sandwich items yet.");
    return;
  }

  // Build the summary string
  let summary = "Your sandwich includes: ";
  for (let i = 0; i < sandwichItems.length; i++) {
    if (i > 0) {
      summary += ", "; // Add comma for items after the first
    }
    summary += sandwichItems[i];
  }

  // Print the summary
  console.log(summary);
}

// Call buildSandwichSummary with different numbers of arguments
buildSandwichSummary(); // No arguments
buildSandwichSummary("bread", "cheese"); // Two arguments
buildSandwichSummary("turkey", "lettuce", "tomato"); // Three arguments


// Task (45)
// Cars: Write a function that stores information about a car in a Object. The function should always receive a
//  manufacturer and a model name. It should then accept an arbitrary number of keyword arguments. Call the function
//  with the required information and two other name-value pairs, such as a color or an optional feature.
//   Print the Object that’s returned to make sure all the information was stored correctly.

type CarInfo = {
  manufacturer: string;
  model: string;
  [key: string]: string | number; // Allow any additional key-value pairs
};

function createCar(manufacturer: string, model: string, ...rest: [string, string | number][]): CarInfo {
  const car: CarInfo = {
    manufacturer,
    model,
  };

  // Check for optional properties using object destructuring
  for (const [key, value] of rest) {
    car[key] = value;
  }

  return car;
}

// Create a car object with optional properties
const myCar = createCar(
  "Tesla",
  "Model S",
);

// Print car information
console.log(myCar);