diff --git a/nvidia/common/src/lib.rs b/nvidia/common/src/lib.rs
index 7bb4171e..14460b16 100644
--- a/nvidia/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nvidia/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,11 +10,9 @@ mod mat_mul;
 mod reform;
 mod rms_norm;
 mod rotary_embedding;
-mod storage;
 mod swiglu;
 
 pub use common::utok;
-pub use storage::{tensor, Cache};
 pub use tensor::{slice, udim, DataType, LocalSplitable, Tensor};
 
 use cublas::{Cublas, CublasSpore};
diff --git a/nvidia/common/src/storage.rs b/nvidia/common/src/storage.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index fb79b587..00000000
--- a/nvidia/common/src/storage.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-use cuda::{Context, ContextSpore, DevMem, DevMemSpore, Stream};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tensor::{udim, DataType, LocalSplitable, Tensor};
-
-pub struct Cache {
-    pub context: Arc<Context>,
-    pub mem: DevMemSpore,
-}
-
-impl Drop for Cache {
-    #[inline]
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.context.apply(|ctx| unsafe { self.mem.kill(ctx) });
-    }
-}
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn tensor<'ctx>(
-    dt: DataType,
-    shape: &[udim],
-    stream: &Stream<'ctx>,
-) -> Tensor<LocalSplitable<DevMem<'ctx>>> {
-    Tensor::alloc(dt, shape, |l| stream.malloc::<u8>(l).into())
-}
diff --git a/nvidia/distributed/src/gather.rs b/nvidia/distributed/src/gather.rs
index cd9815a5..85ab8bc6 100644
--- a/nvidia/distributed/src/gather.rs
+++ b/nvidia/distributed/src/gather.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 use common_nv::{
-    cuda::{ContextSpore, DevByte, StreamSpore},
+    cuda::{ContextSpore, DevMemSpore, StreamSpore},
     utok, Tensor,
 };
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::ops::Deref;
 
-pub fn gather<T, U, I>(
-    x: &mut [Tensor<T>],
-    table: &Tensor<U>,
+pub fn gather<T, I>(
+    x: &mut [Tensor<DevMemSpore>],
+    table: &Tensor<T>,
     tokens: I,
     comms: &nccl::CommunicatorGroup,
     streams: &[StreamSpore],
 ) where
-    T: DerefMut<Target = [DevByte]>,
-    U: Deref<Target = [u8]>,
+    T: Deref<Target = [u8]>,
     I: IntoIterator<Item = utok>,
 {
     assert!(!x.is_empty());
@@ -41,12 +40,12 @@ pub fn gather<T, U, I>(
     for (i, comm) in comms.call().iter().enumerate() {
         comm.device().retain_primary().apply(|ctx| {
             let stream = unsafe { streams[i].sprout(ctx) };
-            let dst = &mut **x[i].physical_mut();
+            let mut dst = unsafe { x[i].physical_mut().sprout(ctx) };
             for _ in 0..distributed {
                 let Some((i, t)) = iter.next() else { break };
                 stream.memcpy_h2d(&mut dst[d * i..][..d], &table[d * t..][..d]);
             }
-            comm.all_gather(dst, None, &stream);
+            comm.all_gather(&mut dst, None, &stream);
         });
     }
 }
diff --git a/nvidia/distributed/src/lib.rs b/nvidia/distributed/src/lib.rs
index fcaa8aaa..8c5b92d7 100644
--- a/nvidia/distributed/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nvidia/distributed/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #![cfg(detected_nccl)]
-#![allow(unused)]
 
 mod gather;
 mod parameters;
@@ -10,8 +9,8 @@ extern crate log;
 pub use common_nv::cuda;
 
 use common_nv::{
-    cuda::{AsRaw, ContextResource, ContextSpore, CudaDataType, DevMem, Device, StreamSpore},
-    tensor, udim, utok, DataType, LocalSplitable, Tensor,
+    cuda::{AsRaw, ContextResource, ContextSpore, DevMemSpore, Device, StreamSpore},
+    udim, utok, Tensor,
 };
 use nccl::CommunicatorGroup;
 use parameters::ParameterMatrix;
@@ -49,8 +48,24 @@ impl transformer::Transformer for Transformer {
             .map(|ctx| ctx.apply(|c| c.stream().sporulate()))
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-        for (context, mut stream) in zip(contexts, streams) {
-            context.apply(|ctx| unsafe { stream.kill(ctx) });
+        let x0 = self.token_embed(&requests, &streams);
+        let x1 = zip(zip(&contexts, &streams), &x0)
+            .map(|((context, stream), x)| {
+                context.apply(|ctx| {
+                    let stream = unsafe { stream.sprout(ctx) };
+                    Tensor::alloc(x.data_type(), x.shape(), |len| {
+                        stream.malloc::<u8>(len).sporulate()
+                    })
+                })
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        for ((context, mut stream), (mut x0, mut x1)) in zip(zip(contexts, streams), zip(x0, x1)) {
+            context.apply(|ctx| unsafe {
+                stream.kill(ctx);
+                x0.physical_mut().kill(ctx);
+                x1.physical_mut().kill(ctx);
+            });
         }
         todo!()
     }
@@ -85,11 +100,11 @@ impl Transformer {
         }
     }
 
-    fn token_embed<'ctx, Id>(
+    fn token_embed<Id>(
         &self,
         requests: &[Request<Id, ()>],
         streams: &[StreamSpore],
-    ) -> Vec<Tensor<LocalSplitable<DevMem<'ctx>>>> {
+    ) -> Vec<Tensor<DevMemSpore>> {
         let dt = self.host.data_type();
         let nt = requests.iter().map(Request::seq_len).sum::<udim>();
         let d = self.host.hidden_size() as udim;
@@ -98,7 +113,13 @@ impl Transformer {
             .comms
             .contexts()
             .zip(streams)
-            .map(|(context, stream)| context.apply(|ctx| tensor(dt, &[nt, d], todo!())))
+            .map(|(context, stream)| {
+                context.apply(|ctx| {
+                    Tensor::alloc(dt, &[nt, d], |len| {
+                        unsafe { stream.sprout(ctx) }.malloc::<u8>(len).sporulate()
+                    })
+                })
+            })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         let tokens = requests.iter().flat_map(Request::tokens).copied();
@@ -122,12 +143,28 @@ impl Drop for Transformer {
     }
 }
 
-fn convert(dt: DataType) -> CudaDataType {
-    match dt {
-        DataType::F16 => CudaDataType::f16,
-        DataType::BF16 => CudaDataType::bf16,
-        DataType::F32 => CudaDataType::f32,
-        DataType::F64 => CudaDataType::f64,
-        _ => unreachable!(),
+#[test]
+fn test() {
+    use common_nv::cuda::{self, Device};
+    use log::LevelFilter::Trace;
+    use simple_logger::SimpleLogger;
+    use transformer::Transformer as _;
+
+    const N: usize = 1;
+
+    cuda::init();
+    if Device::count() < N {
+        return;
     }
+
+    SimpleLogger::new().with_level(Trace).init().unwrap();
+
+    let time = Instant::now();
+    let transformer = Transformer::new(
+        "../../../TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0_F16",
+        &[Device::fetch().unwrap()],
+    );
+    info!("load {:?}", time.elapsed());
+
+    transformer.decode(vec![Request::new(0, &[1, 2, 3], &mut [], 0, true)]);
 }
diff --git a/nvidia/distributed/src/parameters.rs b/nvidia/distributed/src/parameters.rs
index 448ec0df..19b92f41 100644
--- a/nvidia/distributed/src/parameters.rs
+++ b/nvidia/distributed/src/parameters.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use common_nv::{
+#![allow(unused)]
+
+use common_nv::{
     cuda::{Context, ContextGuard, ContextResource, ContextSpore, DevByte, DevMem, DevMemSpore},
     udim, Tensor,
 };
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ fn test_load() {
     SimpleLogger::new().with_level(Trace).init().unwrap();
 
     let time = Instant::now();
-    let safetensors = Memory::load_safetensors_from_dir("../../../TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0");
+    let safetensors = Memory::load_safetensors_from_dir("../../../TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0_F16");
     info!("mmap {:?}", time.elapsed());
 
     let model = match safetensors {
diff --git a/nvidia/transformer/src/lib.rs b/nvidia/transformer/src/lib.rs
index d50642cc..9730e7b4 100644
--- a/nvidia/transformer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nvidia/transformer/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ pub use common_nv::cuda;
 
 use ::half::f16;
 use common_nv::{
-    cuda::{bindings::CUdeviceptr, memcpy_d2h, DevMem},
-    slice, tensor, udim, utok, Cache, DataType, LocalSplitable, NvidiaKernels, Tensor,
+    cuda::{bindings::CUdeviceptr, memcpy_d2h, DevMem, DevMemSpore},
+    slice, udim, utok, DataType, LocalSplitable, NvidiaKernels, Tensor,
 };
 use cuda::{AsRaw, Context, ContextResource, ContextSpore, Device, Stream, StreamSpore};
 use parameters::{LayerParameter, LayersParameters, ModelParameters};
@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@ impl transformer::Transformer for Transformer {
             let compute = ctx.stream();
             // 生成词嵌入并预分配空间
             let mut x0 = self.token_embed(&requests, &compute);
-            let mut x1 = tensor(x0.data_type(), x0.shape(), &transfer);
+            let mut x1 =
+                Tensor::alloc(x0.data_type(), x0.shape(), |len| transfer.malloc::<u8>(len));
             let mut buf = LayerBuffer::alloc(&self.host, &requests, |len| {
                 transfer.malloc::<u8>(len).into()
             });
             // 生成位置张量
             let nt = x0.shape()[0]; // `nt` for number of tokens
             let pos_ = pos(&requests, nt);
-            let mut pos = tensor(DataType::U32, &[nt], &transfer);
-            transfer.memcpy_h2d(pos.physical_mut(), &pos_);
+            let pos = Tensor::new(DataType::U32, &[nt], transfer.from_host(&pos_));
             // 推理
             compute.wait_for(&transfer.record());
             {
@@ -170,13 +170,13 @@ impl Transformer {
         &self,
         requests: &[Request<Id, Cache>],
         compute: &Stream<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Tensor<Local<'ctx>> {
+    ) -> Tensor<DevMem<'ctx>> {
         let dt = self.host.data_type();
         let nt = requests.iter().map(Request::seq_len).sum::<udim>();
         let d = self.host.hidden_size() as udim;
         let kernels = self.kernels.on(compute);
 
-        let mut x0 = tensor(dt, &[nt, d], compute);
+        let mut x0 = Tensor::alloc(dt, &[nt, d], |len| compute.malloc::<u8>(len));
         let tokens = requests.iter().flat_map(Request::tokens).copied();
         kernels.gather(&mut x0, &self.host.embed_tokens(), tokens);
         // compute.synchronize();
@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ impl Transformer {
     fn before_att<'ctx>(
         &self,
         params: &LayerParameter,
-        x0: &Tensor<Local>,
-        x1: &mut Tensor<Local>,
+        x0: &Tensor<DevMem>,
+        x1: &mut Tensor<DevMem>,
         qkv: &mut Tensor<Local<'ctx>>,
-        pos: &Tensor<Local>,
+        pos: &Tensor<DevMem>,
         compute: &Stream,
     ) -> (
         Tensor<Local<'ctx>>,
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ impl Transformer {
         q: Tensor<Local>,
         k: Tensor<Local>,
         v: Tensor<Local>,
-        o: &mut Tensor<Local>,
+        o: &mut Tensor<DevMem>,
         q_buf: &mut Local,
         att_buf: &mut Local,
         compute: &Stream,
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ impl Transformer {
     fn after_att(
         &self,
         params: &LayerParameter,
-        x0: &mut Tensor<Local>,
-        x1: &mut Tensor<Local>,
+        x0: &mut Tensor<DevMem>,
+        x1: &mut Tensor<DevMem>,
         gate_up: &mut Tensor<Local>,
         compute: &Stream,
     ) {
@@ -366,9 +366,9 @@ impl Transformer {
     fn move_decode<'ctx, Id>(
         &self,
         requests: &[Request<Id, Cache>],
-        x0: Tensor<Local<'ctx>>,
+        x0: Tensor<DevMem<'ctx>>,
         compute: &Stream,
-    ) -> Tensor<Local<'ctx>> {
+    ) -> Tensor<DevMem<'ctx>> {
         let buf = x0.physical().as_ptr() as CUdeviceptr;
         let len = self.host.hidden_size() * self.host.data_type().size();
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ impl Transformer {
         x0.slice(&[slice![from begin, until dst + 1], slice![all]])
     }
 
-    fn logits(&self, mut x: Tensor<Local>, compute: &Stream) -> Tensor<Cache> {
+    fn logits(&self, mut x: Tensor<DevMem>, compute: &Stream) -> Tensor<Cache> {
         let dt = self.host.data_type();
         let voc = self.host.vocab_size() as udim;
 
@@ -430,6 +430,18 @@ impl Transformer {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct Cache {
+    pub context: Arc<Context>,
+    pub mem: DevMemSpore,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Cache {
+    #[inline]
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.context.apply(|ctx| unsafe { self.mem.kill(ctx) });
+    }
+}
+
 #[inline]
 fn tensor_cache(
     dt: DataType,
diff --git a/tensor/src/split.rs b/tensor/src/split.rs
index d845556e..5dcfba1e 100644
--- a/tensor/src/split.rs
+++ b/tensor/src/split.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ impl<T: Clone> Splitable for T {
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct LocalSplitable<T>(Rc<T>);
 
+impl<T> AsRef<T> for LocalSplitable<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T> From<T> for LocalSplitable<T> {
     #[inline]
     fn from(t: T) -> Self {