From 4795e54ccede4049d476530eb7e92bc6352e9f2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EdM44 <EdM44@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2024 01:12:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Built site for hydraulics@0.7.1: 7705c07

---
 404.html                          |  4 ++--
 articles/hydraulics_vignette.html |  4 ++--
 articles/index.html               |  4 ++--
 authors.html                      | 14 +++++++++-----
 index.html                        |  8 +++++---
 news/index.html                   |  9 +++++++--
 pkgdown.yml                       |  2 +-
 reference/atmos_table.html        |  4 ++--
 reference/atmosprops.html         |  4 ++--
 reference/colebrook.html          |  4 ++--
 reference/darcyweisbach.html      |  4 ++--
 reference/direct_step.html        |  4 ++--
 reference/hardycross.html         |  4 ++--
 reference/index.html              |  4 ++--
 reference/manningc.html           |  4 ++--
 reference/manningt.html           |  4 ++--
 reference/moody.html              |  4 ++--
 reference/operpoint.html          |  4 ++--
 reference/pumpcurve.html          |  8 ++++----
 reference/sequent_depth.html      |  4 ++--
 reference/spec_energy_trap.html   |  4 ++--
 reference/systemcurve.html        |  8 ++++----
 reference/water_table.html        |  4 ++--
 reference/waterprops.html         |  4 ++--
 reference/xc_circle.html          |  4 ++--
 reference/xc_trap.html            |  4 ++--
 search.json                       |  2 +-
 27 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index f1f41db..b8deee0 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ <h1>Page not found (404)</h1>
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html b/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html
index d58757f..c4b7e7d 100644
--- a/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html
+++ b/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@ <h3 id="license">License<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#license"></
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/articles/index.html b/articles/index.html
index 5e153b0..a8a400c 100644
--- a/articles/index.html
+++ b/articles/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ <h3>All vignettes</h3>
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/authors.html b/authors.html
index 7b6d67f..026ce7d 100644
--- a/authors.html
+++ b/authors.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -39,9 +39,13 @@ <h1>Authors and Citation</h1>
       <h2>Authors</h2>
 
       <ul class="list-unstyled"><li>
-          <p><strong>Ed Maurer</strong>. Maintainer.
+          <p><strong>Ed Maurer</strong>. Author, maintainer.
           </p>
         </li>
+        <li>
+          <p><strong>Irucka Embry</strong>. Author, contributor.
+          <br><small>iemisc code</small></p>
+        </li>
       </ul></div>
 
     <div class="section level2">
@@ -50,14 +54,14 @@ <h2 id="citation">Citation</h2>
 
       <p>Maurer E, Embry I (2024).
 <em>hydraulics: Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics</em>.
-R package version 0.7.0,
+R package version 0.7.1,
 https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/, <a href="https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics" class="external-link">https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics</a>.
 </p>
       <pre>@Manual{,
   title = {hydraulics: Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics},
   author = {Ed Maurer and Irucka Embry},
   year = {2024},
-  note = {R package version 0.7.0,
+  note = {R package version 0.7.1,
     https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/},
   url = {https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics},
 }</pre>
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ <h2 id="citation">Citation</h2>
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 3bc7e82..26feba9 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -335,7 +335,9 @@ <h2 data-toc-skip>Citation</h2>
 <div class="developers">
 <h2 data-toc-skip>Developers</h2>
 <ul class="list-unstyled">
-<li>Ed Maurer <br><small class="roles"> Maintainer </small>  </li>
+<li>Ed Maurer <br><small class="roles"> Author, maintainer </small>  </li>
+<li>Irucka Embry <br><small class="roles"> Author, contributor </small>  </li>
+<li><a href="authors.html">More about authors...</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ <h2 data-toc-skip>Developers</h2>
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/news/index.html b/news/index.html
index df28a4a..c9ff6d6 100644
--- a/news/index.html
+++ b/news/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ <h1>Changelog</h1>
       <small>Source: <a href="https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics/blob/master/NEWS.md" class="external-link"><code>NEWS.md</code></a></small>
     </div>
 
+    <div class="section level2">
+<h2 class="pkg-version" data-toc-text="0.7.1" id="hydraulics-071">hydraulics 0.7.1<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#hydraulics-071"></a></h2>
+<ul><li>Update vignette to avoid deprecated formatdown functions</li>
+<li>Correct pump system equation typo</li>
+</ul></div>
     <div class="section level2">
 <h2 class="pkg-version" data-toc-text="0.7.0" id="hydraulics-070">hydraulics 0.7.0<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#hydraulics-070"></a></h2><p class="text-muted">CRAN release: 2024-03-06</p>
 <ul><li>Update vignette and DESCRIPTION to replace package docxtools with formatdown</li>
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ <h2 class="pkg-version" data-toc-text="0.1.0" id="hydraulics-010">hydraulics 0.1
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown.yml
index ef8f9ac..4abc49d 100644
--- a/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pkgdown: 2.1.1
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles:
   hydraulics_vignette: hydraulics_vignette.html
-last_built: 2024-11-18T01:03Z
+last_built: 2024-11-18T01:12Z
 urls:
   reference: https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference
   article: https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles
diff --git a/reference/atmos_table.html b/reference/atmos_table.html
index c53dd9c..a21812a 100644
--- a/reference/atmos_table.html
+++ b/reference/atmos_table.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/atmosprops.html b/reference/atmosprops.html
index 31ab13e..4ac6a07 100644
--- a/reference/atmosprops.html
+++ b/reference/atmosprops.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/colebrook.html b/reference/colebrook.html
index e752ec2..0f1ca7a 100644
--- a/reference/colebrook.html
+++ b/reference/colebrook.html
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/darcyweisbach.html b/reference/darcyweisbach.html
index c06db30..f4d1a6d 100644
--- a/reference/darcyweisbach.html
+++ b/reference/darcyweisbach.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/direct_step.html b/reference/direct_step.html
index 372d7b0..8158117 100644
--- a/reference/direct_step.html
+++ b/reference/direct_step.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/hardycross.html b/reference/hardycross.html
index aab1f27..d7d5fd8 100644
--- a/reference/hardycross.html
+++ b/reference/hardycross.html
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/index.html b/reference/index.html
index f830389..1f7d30d 100644
--- a/reference/index.html
+++ b/reference/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ <h2 id="all-functions">All functions<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/manningc.html b/reference/manningc.html
index 1c89b14..92a3425 100644
--- a/reference/manningc.html
+++ b/reference/manningc.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/manningt.html b/reference/manningt.html
index 2422982..ba13ae2 100644
--- a/reference/manningt.html
+++ b/reference/manningt.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/moody.html b/reference/moody.html
index 3f6ca26..10a3623 100644
--- a/reference/moody.html
+++ b/reference/moody.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/operpoint.html b/reference/operpoint.html
index fcc9284..7deed88 100644
--- a/reference/operpoint.html
+++ b/reference/operpoint.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ <h2 id="author">Author<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#author"></a><
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
 </div>
 
 <div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
diff --git a/reference/pumpcurve.html b/reference/pumpcurve.html
index aea52b1..03fcd0f 100644
--- a/reference/pumpcurve.html
+++ b/reference/pumpcurve.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> $curve</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> function (x) </span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> coef(hqfit)[1] + x^2 * coef(hqfit)[2]</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;bytecode: 0x555dbe8bde28&gt;</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x555dbe8c02f8&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;bytecode: 0x557678933158&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x5576788d5898&gt;</span>
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 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> $eqn</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] "h == 82.5 - 0.201*Q^2"</span>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/reference/sequent_depth.html b/reference/sequent_depth.html
index 6535440..c2fe263 100644
--- a/reference/sequent_depth.html
+++ b/reference/sequent_depth.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/reference/spec_energy_trap.html b/reference/spec_energy_trap.html
index 03570ca..cb10341 100644
--- a/reference/spec_energy_trap.html
+++ b/reference/spec_energy_trap.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/reference/systemcurve.html b/reference/systemcurve.html
index d6fbafa..5739ed1 100644
--- a/reference/systemcurve.html
+++ b/reference/systemcurve.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> $curve</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> function (x) </span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> hs + x^2 * K</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;bytecode: 0x555dbec6b760&gt;</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x555dbec6b220&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;bytecode: 0x55767a059e18&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x55767a0598d8&gt;</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> $eqn</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] "h == 30 + 0.16*Q^2"</span>
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
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diff --git a/reference/water_table.html b/reference/water_table.html
index 3006350..d09901c 100644
--- a/reference/water_table.html
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@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/reference/waterprops.html b/reference/waterprops.html
index 5239425..485ee0c 100644
--- a/reference/waterprops.html
+++ b/reference/waterprops.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
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diff --git a/reference/xc_circle.html b/reference/xc_circle.html
index 7ae6396..64ece1b 100644
--- a/reference/xc_circle.html
+++ b/reference/xc_circle.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/reference/xc_trap.html b/reference/xc_trap.html
index e03e9a4..a9ac3ba 100644
--- a/reference/xc_trap.html
+++ b/reference/xc_trap.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">hydraulics</a>
 
-    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.0</small>
+    <small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">0.7.1</small>
 
 
     <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ <h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-e
 
 
     <footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
-  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer.</p>
+  <p>Developed by Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry.</p>
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diff --git a/search.json b/search.json
index 72c9e78..b262ac7 100644
--- a/search.json
+++ b/search.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"introduction-to-the-hydraulics-package","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"hydraulics package developed augment education basic closed conduit open channel hydraulics. common applications civil engineering involve water flowing turbulent conditions, functions make assumption. assumption violated, warning generated, though often means input error. engineering calculations burdened persistence U.S. customary (often referred English) units, functions work either system designating units either SI Eng.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"water-properties","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"1.0 Water properties","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"describing behavior water pipes channels turbulent flow conditions three water properties used used calculations, vary water temperature: density (ρ\\rho), dynamic viscosity(μ\\mu), kinematic viscosity(ν\\nu), related ν=μρ\\nu=\\frac{\\mu}{\\rho}. additional function exists saturated vapor pressure water. properties found using dens, dvisc, kvisc, svp functions. example, kinematic viscosity water temperature 55 ∘^\\circF found follows: Similarly water density water temperature 25 ∘^\\circC can determined : water property functions can accept list input temperature values, enabling visualization property varying water temperature, example:  water property functions can also called ret_units parameter, case function returns object class units, designated package units. enables capabilities new units deduced operations performed values. Concise examples vignettes ‘units’ package. units correct, simplified form. can done setting new units. Unit conversions done way. example finding saturated vapor pressure water 10 ∘^\\circC follows. results class units also can units plot without cumbersome formatting axis labels.  Sometimes useful table containing water properties organized temperature. ‘hydraulics’ package includes water_table function generate table either SI Eng units. table can reformatted something attractive using kableExtra formatdown packages. hydraulics package focused water, properties atmosphere important characterizing interaction water air. particularly important phenomena evaporation condensation. Selected characteristics standard atmosphere, determined International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), included package. Three functions return different properties standard atmosphere: atmospheric functions input arguments altitude (ft m), unit system (SI Eng), whether units returned. Similar water properties table, summary standard atmosphere can obtained function atmos_table.","code":"nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng') cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.318e-05 ft2/s rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI') cat(sprintf(\"Water density: %.3f kg/m3\\n\", rho)) #> Water density: 997.075 kg/m3 Ts <- seq(0, 100, 10) nus <- kvisc(T = Ts, units = 'SI') xlbl <- expression(\"Temperature, \" (degree*C)) ylbl <- expression(\"Kinematic viscosity,\" ~nu~ (m^{2}/s)) par(cex=0.8, mgp = c(2,0.7,0)) plot(Ts, nus, xlab = xlbl, ylab = ylbl, type=\"l\") T <- 25 Dens <- dens(T = T, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) Dvisc <- dvisc(T = T, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) #Calculate kinematic viscosity and units are generated correctly Kvisc <- Dvisc / Dens Kvisc #> 9.134879e-07 [m*N*s/kg] units::set_units(Kvisc, m^2/s) #> 9.134879e-07 [m^2/s] units::set_units(Kvisc, ft^2/s) #> 9.832702e-06 [ft^2/s] vps <- svp(T = 10, units = \"SI\", ret_units = T) vps #> 1228.188 [Pa] #convert to psi - notice the need to enclose \"in\" with backticks since \"in\"  #has other meanings in R units::set_units(vps,lbf/`in`^2) #> 0.1781336 [lbf/in^2] Temperature <- units::set_units(seq(0, 100, 10), degree_Celsius) Kinematic_Viscosity <- kvisc(T = Temperature, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) par(cex=0.8, mar = par(\"mar\") + c(0, .2, 0, 0)) plot(Temperature, Kinematic_Viscosity, type=\"l\") tbl <- water_table(units = \"SI\") tbl #> # A tibble: 21 × 8 #>    Temp  Density Spec_Weight Viscosity  Kinem_Visc Sat_VP Surf_Tens   Bulk_Mod #>     [C] [kg/m^3]     [N/m^3] [N*s/m^2]     [m^2/s]   [Pa]     [N/m]       [Pa] #>  1    0    1000.       9809.  0.00173  0.00000173    611.    0.0757 2020000000 #>  2    5    1000.       9810.  0.00150  0.00000150    873.    0.0749 2060000000 #>  3   10    1000.       9807.  0.00131  0.00000131   1228.    0.0742 2100000000 #>  4   15     999.       9801.  0.00115  0.00000115   1706.    0.0735 2140000000 #>  5   20     998.       9793.  0.00102  0.00000102   2339.    0.0727 2180000000 #>  6   25     997.       9781.  0.000911 0.000000913  3170.    0.0720 2220000000 #>  7   30     996.       9768.  0.000817 0.000000821  4247.    0.0712 2250000000 #>  8   35     994.       9752.  0.000738 0.000000742  5629.    0.0704 2265000000 #>  9   40     992.       9734.  0.000670 0.000000675  7385.    0.0696 2280000000 #> 10   45     990.       9714.  0.000611 0.000000617  9595.    0.0688 2285000000 #> # ℹ 11 more rows # Manage units unitlist <- sapply(unname(tbl), units::deparse_unit) colnames <- names(tbl) tbl <- units::drop_units(tbl)  # Assign size argument for table output formatdown::formatdown_options(size = \"small\") # Format text as-is (i.e., as integers) tbl$Temp <- formatdown::format_text(tbl$Temp) # Format decimals to 4 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Density\", \"Spec_Weight\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_dcml(x, digits = 4)} ) # Format using power-of-ten notation to 4 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Viscosity\", \"Kinem_Visc\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_engr(x, digits = 4)} ) # Exponent set to 3 for all entries tbl$Sat_VP <- formatdown::format_engr(tbl$Sat_VP, digits = 4, set_power = 3) # Format using power-of-ten notation to 3 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Surf_Tens\", \"Bulk_Mod\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_engr(x, digits = 3)} ) # Reset size option formatdown::formatdown_options(reset = TRUE)  tbl2 <- knitr::kable(tbl, col.names = unitlist, align = \"c\", format = \"html\") kableExtra::add_header_above(tbl2, header = colnames, line = F, align = \"c\") atmpres(alt = 3000, units = \"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) #> 70121.14 [Pa] tbl <- atmos_table(units = \"SI\") tbl #> # A tibble: 16 × 4 #>    Altitude   Temp Pressure  Density #>         [m]    [C]     [Pa] [kg/m^3] #>  1        0  15     101325     1.23  #>  2     1000   8.50   89876.    1.11  #>  3     2000   2.00   79501.    1.01  #>  4     3000  -4.49   70121.    0.909 #>  5     4000 -11.0    61660.    0.819 #>  6     5000 -17.5    54048.    0.736 #>  7     6000 -24.0    47218.    0.660 #>  8     7000 -30.5    41105.    0.590 #>  9     8000 -36.9    35652.    0.526 #> 10     9000 -43.4    30801.    0.467 #> 11    10000 -49.9    26500.    0.414 #> 12    11000 -56.4    22700.    0.365 #> 13    12000 -62.9    19355.    0.321 #> 14    13000 -69.3    16421.    0.281 #> 15    14000 -75.8    13859.    0.245 #> 16    15000 -82.3    11632.    0.212"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"fundamental-constants","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"2.0 Fundamental constants","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"Two important descriptive quantities engineering hydraulics Reynolds number, Re Froude number Fr. Re=VDνRe=\\frac{VD}{\\nu} describes turbulence flow. expresses ratio kinematic forces, expressed velocity V characteristic length pipe diameter, D, viscous forces expressed kinematic viscosity ν\\nu. open channels characteristic length hydraulic depth, area flow divided top width. adequately turbulent conditions exists, Reynolds numbers exceed 4000 full pipes, 2000 open channels. open channel flow, given channel shape flow rate, flow can usually exist two different depths, termed subcritical (slow, deep) supercritical (shallow, fast). exception critical flow conditions, one depth exists, critical depth. depth exhibited flow determined slope roughness channel. Froude number defined Fr=VgDFr=\\frac{V}{\\sqrt{gD}}. Fr characterizes flow : constants calculated internally returned output many functions. Critical flow important open-channel flow applications discussed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"friction-loss-in-circular-pipes","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"3.0 Friction Loss in Circular Pipes","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"energy point along pipe containing flowing water often described energy per unit weight, energy head, E: E=z+Pγ+αV22gE = z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\alpha\\frac{V^2}{2g} P pressure, γ=ρg\\gamma=\\rho g specific weight water, z elevation point, V average velocity, term units length. α\\alpha kinetic energy adjustment factor account non-uniform velocity distribution across cross-section. α\\alpha typically assumed 1.0 turbulent flow value close 1.0 V22g\\frac{V^2}{2g} (velocity head) tends small relation terms equation. water flows pipe energy lost due friction pipe walls local disturbances (minor losses). energy loss two sections expressed E1−hl=E2{E_1} - {h_l} = {E_2}. pipes long, LD>1000\\frac{L}{D}>1000, friction losses dominate energy loss system, head loss, hlh_l, calculated head loss due friction, hfh_f. energy head loss due friction walls pipe described Darcy-Weisbach equation, estimates energy loss per unit weight, head loss hf{h_f}, units length. circular pipes expressed : hf=fLDV22g=8fLπ2gD5Q2h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2} equation f friction factor, typically calculated Colebrook equation: 1f=−2log(ksD3.7+2.51Ref)\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}} = -2\\log\\left(\\frac{\\frac{k_s}{D}}{3.7} + \\frac{2.51}{Re\\sqrt{f}}\\right) ksk_s absolute roughness pipe wall. close approximations Colebrook equation explicit form facilitate hand-calculations, package uses Colebrook function. one variables Darcy Weisbach equation, extension Colebrook equation, may treated unknown. existing pipe known flow rate, friction loss length pipe may found: Reynolds number adequately high ensure flow turbulent Colebrook equation valid. water properties function, can called ret_units = TRUE return list units objects (using input ): new design problem can involve calculation required diameter given head loss flow rate, pipe specified pressure flow downstream point. example follows. usefulness R package much individual calculations, repeated trials see one variable might vary another. example, might interesting see required diameter varies changing flow rate. following example illustrates calculation diameters required meet specified head loss flows varying 30 - 45 ft3^3/s.  Another example use package laboratory setting, pressure measurements taken two points along straight pipe sequence flow rates determine pipe roughness. example, length pipe 3 m, diameter 25 mm, following head losses observed different flow rates: absolute roughness can calculated providing variables. Several roughness values can calculated one call shown , results plotted Moody diagram reality check.","code":"D <- 20/12    #20 inch converted to ft L <- 10560    #ft Q <- 4        #ft^3/s T <- 60       #degrees F ks <- 0.0005  #ft  ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q,D = D, L = L, ks = ks,                       nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"), units = c(\"Eng\")) #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nHead Loss: %.2f ft\\n\",              ans$Re, ans$f, ans$hf)) #> Reynolds no: 248625 #> Friction Fact: 0.0173 #> Head Loss: 5.72 ft ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 4.0,D = 20/12, L = 10560, ks = 0.0005, nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"),                      units = \"Eng\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\") Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f ft\\n\", ans$Re, ans$f, ans$D)) #> Reynolds no: 2336974 #> Friction Fact: 0.0164 #> Diameter: 1.85 ft Qs <- seq(30, 45, 1.0)    #flows in ft^3/s L <- 8000                 #pipe length in ft hf <- 215                 #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68                   #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008              #pipe roughness, ft ans <- mapply(darcyweisbach, Q=Qs, MoreArgs =                   list(hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = 'Eng')) ans <- as.data.frame(t(ans)) plot(ans$Q, ans$D, xlab = \"Q, ft^3/s\", ylab = \"D, ft\", type=\"l\") grid() ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 0.00020, hf = 0.052, L = 3.0, D = 0.025, nu = kvisc(T=20, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) cat(sprintf(\"Absolute roughness: %.6f m\\nFriction Factor: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f m\\n\", ans$ks, ans$f, ans$D)) #> Absolute roughness: 0.000473 m #> Friction Factor: 0.0514 #> Diameter: 0.03 m Qs = c(0.00020, 0.00024, 0.00030) #converted to m^3/s hfs <- c(0.052,0.073,0.110) ans <- mapply(darcyweisbach, Q=Qs, hf=hfs, MoreArgs =                   list(L = 3.0, D = 0.025, nu = kvisc(T=20, units='SI'), units = 'SI')) ks_values = unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$ks) cat(round(ks_values,6)) #> 0.000473 0.000433 0.000397 cat(paste0(\"\\nMean Roughness, ks = \",round(mean(ks_values),6), \" m\")) #>  #> Mean Roughness, ks = 0.000434 m Re_values <- unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$Re) f_values <- unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$f) moody(Re = Re_values, f = f_values)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"flow-in-circular-pipes-flowing-partially-full","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"4.0 Flow in Circular Pipes Flowing Partially Full","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"Manning equation (also known Strickler equation) describes flow conditions open channel uniform flow conditions. often expressed : Q=ACnR23Sf12Q=\\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}} C 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Q flow rate, cross-sectional flow area, n Manning roughness coefficient, R hydraulic radius R=APR=\\frac{}{P}, P wetted perimeter. Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): Q2BgA3=1\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1 B top width water surface. full flow circular pipes, one variables Manning equation, related geometric variables, may treated unknown. existing pipe, common problem determination depth, y given flow Q, given pipe diameter d, slope S roughness n. example follows. circular pipes, also option allow Manning n vary depth, case specified n assumed corresponding full pipe flow. output contains n adjusted. also sometimes convenient see cross-section diagram.","code":"ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, n_var=TRUE, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) xc_circle(y = ans$y, d=ans$d, units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"flow-in-open-channels-rectangular-triangular-trapezoidal","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"5.0 Flow in Open Channels (rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal)","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"flow circular pipes flowing less full, flow open channel rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal shape uses Manning equation. Substituting geometric relationships hydraulic radius cross-sectional area, Manning equation takes form: Q=Cn(+my2)53(b+2y1+m2)23Sf12Q=\\frac{C}{n}{\\frac{\\left(+^2\\right)^{\\frac{5}{3}}}{\\left(b+2y\\sqrt{1+m^2}\\right)^\\frac{2}{3}}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}} rectangular channel, side slope vertical, m = 0; triangular channel, b = 0. given Q, m, n, Sf, hydraulically efficient channel found maximizing R, can done setting Manning equation ∂R∂y=0\\frac{\\partial R}{\\partial y}=0. produces: yopt=214(QnC(21+m2−m)Sf12)38y_{opt} = 2^{\\frac{1}{4}}\\left(\\frac{Qn}{C\\left(2\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)S_f^{\\frac{1}{2}}}\\right)^{\\frac{3}{8}}bopt=2yopt(1+m2−m)b_{opt} = 2y_{opt}\\left(\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right) manningt function works similarly function circular pipes, excluded argument one function determines solution. example, design might require slope deliver required flow, Q channel known geometry (bottom width, b, side slope m) given depth y: Thus, longitudinal slope channel need 0.00088, drop 0.88 ft per 1000 ft. critical depth yc lower normal depth y, indicating flow conditions subcritical, also seen Fr < 1.0. Units can also returned function. simple diagram can generated channel.  solving flow depth, y, channel bottom width, b, additional variable returned optimal depth, yopt, optimal width, bopt. optimal hydraulic efficiency practical concerns construction often result designs flow depths less hydraulic optimum. Solving prior example bottom width illustrates . results show , aside rounding, width returned expected (approximately 20 ft), optimal bottom width hydraulic efficiency closer 4.76 ft. check depth associated channel optimal width, substitute optimal width b solve y: channel geometry flow rate convenient plot specific energy diagram, illustrates different flow depths can occur given specific energy. important understanding may happen water surface flow encounters obstacle transition. channel example , diagram  provides illustration y=3 ft flow subcritical (critical depth). Specific energy conditions prior example E=y+V22g=3.0+5.2222*32.2=3.42ftE=y+\\frac{V^2}{2g}=3.0+\\frac{5.22^2}{2*32.2}=3.42 ft. channel bottom abrupt rise E−Ec=3.42−3.03=0.39ftE-E_c=3.42-3.03=0.39 ft critical depth occur hump. rise anything greater cause damming occur. flow hump critical, downstream hump flow supercritical conditions, flowing alternate depth. specific energy given depth y alternate depth can added plot including argument depth, y (two depths may also specified using argument y=c(<depth1>, <depth2>).  final example shows vary multiple input variables simultaneously. flow Q vary range n y values? expand.grid function produces combinations different variables. functions can run problem permutations results plotted many different ways. One example follows.","code":"ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Slope: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$Sf)) #> Slope: 0.00088 ft knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) xc_trap( y = 3.0, b = 20.0, m = 1.0, units = \"Eng\") ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, y = 3.0, Sf = 0.00088, units = \"Eng\") knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) cat(sprintf(\"Optimal bottom width: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$bopt)) #> Optimal bottom width: 4.76753 ft ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 4.767534, Sf = 0.00088, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Optimal depth: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$yopt)) #> Optimal depth: 5.75492 ft spec_energy_trap( Q = 360, b = 20, m = 1, scale = 4, units = \"Eng\" ) spec_energy_trap( Q = 360, b = 20, m = 1, scale = 4, y=3.0, units = \"Eng\" ) ns <- seq(0.011, 0.021, 0.002) ys <- seq(1.5, 2.1, 0.1) ny <- expand.grid(n=ns, y=ys) ans <- mapply(manningt, n = ny$n, y = ny$y, MoreArgs = list(m = 2, Sf = 0.0005, b = 3, units = \"SI\")) x <- as.data.frame(t(ans)) #to simplify plotting, select columns of interest and change each from list to numeric x2 <- data.frame(Q=unlist(x$Q),y=unlist(x$y),n=unlist(x$n)) ggplot2::ggplot(data=x2,ggplot2::aes(x=y,y=Q, group=n, colour=n)) + ggplot2::geom_line() +   ggplot2::labs(x = \"y, m\", y = expression(paste(\"Q, \", ~m^3/s)))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"pump-curve-and-operating-points","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"6.0 Pump Curve and Operating Points","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"system delivering water circular pipes assistance pump, selection pump requires consideration pump characteristics energy required deliver different flow rates system. described system pump characteristic curves. intersect defines operating point, flow (energy) head pump operate system. simple hydraulic system (https://www.castlepumps.com) described , simple system loss head (energy per unit weight) due friction, hfh_f, described Darcy-Weisbach equation, can simplified : hf=fLDV22g=8fLπ2gD5Q2=KQ2h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2} = KQ{^2} total dynamic head system requires pump provide, hph_p, found solving energy equation upstream reservoir (point 1) downstream reservoir (point 2). hp=(z+Pγ+V22g)2−(z+Pγ+V22g)1+hfh_p = \\left(z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\frac{V^2}{2g}\\right)_2 - \\left(z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\frac{V^2}{2g}\\right)_1+h_f simple system example, velocity negligible reservoirs 1 2, pressures reservoirs atmospheric, equation becomes: hp=(z2−z1)+hf=hs+hf=hs+KQ2h_p = \\left(z_2 - z_1\\right) + h_f=h_s+h_f=h_s+KQ^2 Using hydraulics package, coefficient, K, can calculated manually using package functions friction loss pipe system using Q=1Q=1. example: example assume static head 30 ft generate systemcurve object: sample set pump curves (https://www.gouldspumps.com). three red dots points selected approximate curve three selected points used generate polynomial fit curve. currently three options polynomial: hshutoffh_{shutoff} value pump head Q=0Q={0}. coordinates points can input pumpcurve function numeric vectors. flow manufacturer’s pump curves often use units hydraulics package needs, units package provides convenient way convert needed. function pumpcurve returns pumpcurve object includes polynomial fit equation simple plot check fit.  two curves can combined find operating point selected pump defined system.","code":"ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 1,D = 20/12, L = 3884, ks = 0.0005, nu = 1.23e-5, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Coefficient K: %.3f\\n\", ans$hf)) #> Coefficient K: 0.160 scurve <- systemcurve(hs = 30, K = ans$hf, units = \"Eng\") qgpm <- units::set_units(c(0, 5000, 7850), gallons/minute) qcfs <- units::set_units(qgpm, ft^3/s) hft <- c(81, 60, 20) #units are already in ft so setting units is optional pcurve <- pumpcurve(Q = qcfs, h = hft, eq = \"poly2\", units = \"Eng\") pcurve$p oppt <- operpoint(pcurve = pcurve, scurve = scurve) cat(sprintf(\"Operating Point: Q = %.3f, h = %.3f\\n\", oppt$Qop, oppt$hop)) #> Operating Point: Q = 12.051, h = 53.285 oppt$p #> Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range #> (`geom_function()`)."},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"pipe-networks-and-the-hardy-cross-method","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"7.0 Pipe Networks and the Hardy-Cross method","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"water pipe networks containing multiple loops typical method solve flow pipe segment uses Hardy-Cross method. consists setting initial guess flow (magnitude direction) pipe segment, ensuring conservation mass preserved node (vertex) network. calculations performed loop, ensuring energy conserved. hydraulics package, Darcy-Weisbach equation used estimate head loss pipe segment, expressed condensed form hf=KQ2{h_f = KQ^{2}} : K=8fLπ2gD5{K = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}} needed, friction factor f calculated using Colebrook equation. flow adjustment loop calculated iteration : ΔQi=−∑j=1piKijQj|Qj|∑j=1pi2KijQj2{\\Delta{Q_i} = -\\frac{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} K_{ij}Q_j|Q_j|}{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} 2K_{ij}Q_j^2}} loop number, j pipe number, pi{p_i} number pipes loop ΔQi{\\Delta{Q_i}} flow adjustment applied pipe loop next iteration. Pipes shared loops receive adjustments loops. Input consists pipe characteristics, pipe order initial flows loop, number iterations perform, unit system used (needed fixed K values provided). sample pipe network pipe numbers indicated black Input system, assuming fixed f values, look like following. (fixed K values provided, f, L D needed). f values estimated using ks=0.00025mks=0.00025 m form Colebrook equation fully rough flows: 1f=log(3.7ksD)\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}}=log\\left(\\frac{3.7}{\\frac{ks}{D}}\\right) simplification removes velocity dependence f. Running looking output three iterations: output pipe data frame added columns, including flow (direction first loop containing segment). Hardy-Cross method often used fixed f (K) values used exercises performed hand, use Colebrook equation allows friction losses vary Reynolds number. use approach input data must include absolute roughness. Example values included : effect allowing calculation f (correctly) dependent velocity (via Reynolds number) can seen, though effect final flow values small.","code":"dfpipes <- data.frame(   ID = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10),                                #pipe ID   D = c(0.3,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.15,0.25,0.15,0.15,0.25),         #diameter in m   L = c(250,100,125,125,100,100,125,100,100,125),              #length in m   f = c(.01879,.02075,.02075,.02075,.02075,.02233,.01964,.02233,.02233,.01964) ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3,4,5),c(4,6,7,8),c(3,9,10,6)) Qs <- list(c(.040,.040,.02,-.02,-.04),c(.02,0,0,-.02),c(-.02,.02,0,0)) ans <- hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 3, units = \"SI\") knitr::kable(ans$dfloops, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0) knitr::kable(ans$dfpipes, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0) dfpipes <- data.frame(   ID = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10),                         #pipe ID   D = c(0.3,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.15,0.25,0.15,0.15,0.25),  #diameter in m   L = c(250,100,125,125,100,100,125,100,100,125),       #length in m   ks = rep(0.00025,10)                                  #absolute roughness, m ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3,4,5),c(4,6,7,8),c(3,9,10,6)) Qs <- list(c(.040,.040,.02,-.02,-.04),c(.02,0,0,-.02),c(-.02,.02,0,0)) ans <- hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 3, units = \"SI\") knitr::kable(ans$dfpipes, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"miscellaneous-functions","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"8.0 Miscellaneous functions","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"functions added hydraulics package add capabilities calculations related gradually- rapidly-varied flow. Additional documentation may found online reference Hydraulics Water Resources: Examples Using R.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"license","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"License","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"GPL-3 2024-11-18 Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/authors.html","id":null,"dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Authors","title":"Authors and Citation","text":"Ed Maurer. Maintainer.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/authors.html","id":"citation","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Citation","title":"Authors and Citation","text":"Maurer E, Embry (2024). hydraulics: Basic Pipe Open Channel Hydraulics. R package version 0.7.0, https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/, https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics.","code":"@Manual{,   title = {hydraulics: Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics},   author = {Ed Maurer and Irucka Embry},   year = {2024},   note = {R package version 0.7.0,     https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/},   url = {https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics}, }"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"description","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"hydraulics R package solves basic pipe hydraulics pressure gravity flow conditions, open-channel hydraulics trapezoidal channels, including triangular rectangular. Pressure pipe solutions include functions 1) describe properties water, 2) solve Darcy-Weisbach equation friction loss pipes, 3) plot Moody diagram. also functions matching pump characteristic curve system curve, solving flows pipe network using Hardy-Cross method. Partially-filled pipe open-channel flow solutions solved Manning equation. format functions pressure pipe solutions designed compatible iemisc package, open channel hydraulics solutions modifications code package.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"installation","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Installation","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"#Install the stable CRAN version of this package install.packages(\"hydraulics\") #Install the development version of this package if (!requireNamespace(\"remotes\", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(\"remotes\") remotes::install_github(\"EdM44/hydraulics\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"examples-see-more-examples-in-the-function-descriptions","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples (see more examples in the function descriptions)","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"library(hydraulics)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"id_1-type-1-problem-solve-for-friction-loss-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"1) Type 1 problem (solve for friction loss): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- 20/12    #20 inch converted to ft L <- 10560    #ft Q <- 4        #ft3/s T <- 60       #F ks <- 0.0005  #ft  #Optionally, use utility functions to find the Reynolds Number and friction factor, f: reynolds_number(V = velocity(D, Q), D = D, nu = kvisc(T = T, units = \"Eng\")) #> [1] 248624.7 colebrook(ks = ks, V = velocity(D, Q), D = D, nu = kvisc(T = T, units = \"Eng\")) #> [1] 0.0173031  #Solve directly for the missing value of friction loss  ans1 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q,D = D, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"), units = c(\"Eng\")) #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nHead Loss: %.2f ft\\n\", ans1$Re, ans1$f, ans1$hf)) #> Reynolds no: 248625 #> Friction Fact: 0.0173 #> Head Loss: 5.72 ft"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"id_2-type-2-solving-for-flow-rate-q-si-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"2) Type 2 (solving for flow rate, Q): SI Units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- .5         #m L <- 10         #m hf <- 0.006*L   #m T <- 20         #C ks <- 0.000046  #m ans2 <- darcyweisbach(D = D, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) #> Q missing: solving a Type 2 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nFlow: %.2f m3/s\\n\", ans2$Re, ans2$f, ans2$Q)) #> Reynolds no: 1010337 #> Friction Fact: 0.0133 #> Flow: 0.41 m3/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"type-3-solving-for-diameter-d-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Type 3 (solving for diameter, D): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft ans3 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f ft\\n\", ans3$Re, ans3$f, ans3$D)) #> Reynolds no: 2336974 #> Friction Fact: 0.0164 #> Diameter: 1.85 ft"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"solving-for-roughness-height-ks-eng-us-units-print-results-as-data-frame","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Solving for roughness height (ks): Eng (US) units, print results as data frame","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- 1.85     #diameter in ft Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ans4 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, D = D, hf = hf, L = L, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> ks missing: solving for missing roughness height knitr::kable(setNames(as.data.frame(unlist(ans4)),c('value')), format = \"html\", padding=0)"},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-kinematic-viscosity-for-water-temperature-of-55-f","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find kinematic viscosity for water temperature of 55 F","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng') cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.318e-05 ft2/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-kinematic-viscosity-assuming-default-water-temperature-of-68-f","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find kinematic viscosity assuming default water temperature of 68 F","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"nu = kvisc(units = 'Eng') #>  #> Temperature not given. #> Assuming T = 68 F cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.105e-05 ft2/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-water-density-for-water-temperature-of-25-c","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find water density for water temperature of 25 C","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI') cat(sprintf(\"Water density: %.3f kg/m3\\n\", rho)) #> Water density: 997.075 kg/m3"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-a-moody-diagram-with-optional-points-added","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot a Moody diagram, with optional points added","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"moody(Re = c(ans1$Re, ans2$Re, ans3$Re), f = c(ans1$f, ans2$f, ans3$f))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-pipe-solving-for-q-si-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Pipe: solving for Q: SI Units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc1 <- manningc(d = 0.6, n = 0.013, Sf = 1./400., y = 0.24, units = \"SI\") cat(sprintf(\"Flow rate, Q: %.2f m3/s\\nFull pipe flow rate, Qf: %.2f\\n\", oc1$Q, oc1$Qf)) #> Flow rate, Q: 0.10 m3/s #> Full pipe flow rate, Qf: 0.31"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-pipe-solving-for-diameter-d-when-given-y_d-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Pipe: solving for diameter, d when given y_d): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc2 <- manningc(Q = 83.5, n = 0.015, Sf = 0.0002, y_d = 0.9, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Required diameter: %.2f ft\\nFlow depth: %.2f\\n\", oc2$d, oc2$y)) #> Required diameter: 7.00 ft #> Flow depth: 6.30"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-the-cross-section-for-the-last-example","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot the cross section for the last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"xc_circle( y = oc2$y ,d = oc2$d, units = \"Eng\" )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-channel-solving-for-slope-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Channel: solving for slope: Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc3 <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Slope: %.5f ft\\nCritical depth: %.2f\\n\", oc3$Sf, oc3$yc)) #> Slope: 0.00088 ft #> Critical depth: 2.08"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-a-specific-energy-diagram-for-the-channel-of-last-example","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot a specific energy diagram for the channel of last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"spec_energy_trap( Q = oc3$Q, b = oc3$b, m = oc3$m, scale = 4, units = \"Eng\" )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-the-cross-section-for-the-last-example-1","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot the cross section for the last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"functions related pump characteristic curves operating point determination, pipe network solutions, refer hydraulics vignette.","code":"xc_trap( y = oc3$y, b = oc3$b, m = oc3$m, units = \"Eng\" ) #> Warning in ggplot2::geom_segment(data = seg1, ggplot2::aes(x = 0, xend = -0.1 * : All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Did you mean to use `annotate()`? #> Warning in ggplot2::geom_segment(data = seg1, ggplot2::aes(x = B, xend = B + : All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Did you mean to use `annotate()`?"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"Tabulates tibble properties standard atmosphere: temperature, density, pressure.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"","code":"atmos_table(units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"), ret_units = TRUE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default TRUE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"","code":"atmos_table(units = 'SI') #> # A tibble: 16 × 4 #>    Altitude   Temp Pressure  Density #>         [m]    [C]     [Pa] [kg/m^3] #>  1        0  15     101325     1.23  #>  2     1000   8.50   89876.    1.11  #>  3     2000   2.00   79501.    1.01  #>  4     3000  -4.49   70121.    0.909 #>  5     4000 -11.0    61660.    0.819 #>  6     5000 -17.5    54048.    0.736 #>  7     6000 -24.0    47218.    0.660 #>  8     7000 -30.5    41105.    0.590 #>  9     8000 -36.9    35652.    0.526 #> 10     9000 -43.4    30801.    0.467 #> 11    10000 -49.9    26500.    0.414 #> 12    11000 -56.4    22700.    0.365 #> 13    12000 -62.9    19355.    0.321 #> 14    13000 -69.3    16421.    0.281 #> 15    14000 -75.8    13859.    0.245 #> 16    15000 -82.3    11632.    0.212"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"Functions calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, pressure.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"","code":"atmtemp(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  atmpres(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  atmdens(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"alt altitude (mean sea level). excluded, sea level assumed [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"temperature air standard atmosphere   atmtemp function [\\(^{\\circ}C\\) \\(^{\\circ}F\\)] absolute pressure air standard atmosphere   atmpres function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)] density air standard atmosphere   atmdens function [\\({kg}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({slug}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"","code":"#Find standard atmospheric temperature at altitude 8000 m atmtemp(alt = 8000, units = 'SI') #> [1] -36.93477  #Find standard atmospheric pressure assuming default altitude of zero (sea-level) atmpres(units = 'Eng', ret_units = TRUE) #>  #> Altitude not given. #> Assuming alt = 0 ft #> 2116.216 [lbf/ft^2]  #Find standard atmospheric density at altitude 15000 ft  atmdens(alt = 15000, units = 'Eng') #> [1] 0.00149495"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"function calculates Darcy-Weisbach friction factor provided package use water circular pipes equation technically valid liquid channel. many parts package, techniques formatting drawn Irucka Embry's iemisc package, includes methods similar functionality. Two utility functions included velocity Reynolds Number.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"","code":"velocity(D = NULL, Q = NULL)  reynolds_number(V = NULL, D = NULL, nu = NULL)  colebrook(ks, V, D, nu)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"D numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] D >=0.0025 m (0.0082 ft). Q (velocity function ) numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] V numeric vector contains average Velocity flow pipe, equal flow divided area, \\(\\frac{Q}{}\\) [\\(m\\,s^{-1}\\) \\(ft\\,s^{-1}\\)] nu numeric vector contains kinematic viscosity water, [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. Computed utility function water_properties.R: kvisc(T=T, units=['SI' 'Eng']) ks numeric vector contains 'equivalent sand roughness height sand roughness height. Units consistent input [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"f Returns numeric vector containing Darcy-Weisbach friction   factor","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"Colebrook-White equation developed estimate Darcy-Weisbach friction factor commercial pipes turbulent flow conditions. recommended pipe diameters greater 2.5 mm (0.1 inch).  equation : $$\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}} = -2\\log\\left(\\frac{\\frac{ks}{D}}{3.7} + \\frac{2.51}{Re\\sqrt{f}}\\right)$$ \\(Re = \\frac{VD}{nu}\\) unitless Reynolds Number.","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"","code":"# A Type 1 problem (solve for hf): US units D <- 20/12   #diameter of 20 inches Q <- 4       #flow in ft^3/s T <- 60      #water temperature in F ks <- 0.0005 #pipe roughness in ft  f <- colebrook(ks=ks,V=velocity(D,Q), D=D, nu=kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"function solves Darcy-Weisbach friction loss equation water circular pipes. function solves either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D),roughness height, (ks) whichever missing (included argument).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"","code":"darcyweisbach(   Q = NULL,   D = NULL,   hf = NULL,   L = NULL,   ks = NULL,   nu = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] D numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] hf numeric vector contains head loss pipe section [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] L numeric vector contains pipe length [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)], ks numeric vector contains equivalent sand roughness height. Units consistent input [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] nu numeric vector contains kinematic viscosity water, [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Returns list including missing parameter (hf, Q, D, ks): Q - flow rate. V - flow velocity. L - pipe length. hf - head loss due friction f - Darcy-Weisbach friction factor ks - roughness height Re - Reynolds number","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Darcy-Weisbach equation developed estimate head loss, \\(h_f\\), due friction length pipe. circular pipes expressed : $$h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2}$$ \\(f\\) friction factor (calculated colebrook function \\(g\\) gravitational acceleration (\\(9.81\\frac{m}{s^2}\\) \\(32.2\\frac{ft}{s^2}\\)).","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"","code":"#Type 2 (solving for flow rate, Q): SI Units D <- .5 L <- 10 hf <- 0.006*L T <- 20 ks <- 0.000046 darcyweisbach(D = D, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) #> Q missing: solving a Type 2 problem #> $Q #> [1] 0.4059048 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.067256 #>  #> $L #> [1] 10 #>  #> $D #> [1] 0.5 #>  #> $hf #> [1] 0.06 #>  #> $f #> [1] 0.01330553 #>  #> $ks #> [1] 4.6e-05 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 1010337 #>   #Type 3 (solving for diameter, D): Eng (US) units Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem #> $Q #> [1] 37.5 #>  #> $V #> [1] 13.964 #>  #> $L #> [1] 8000 #>  #> $D #> [1] 1.849123 #>  #> $hf #> [1] 215 #>  #> $f #> [1] 0.01642589 #>  #> $ks #> [1] 8e-04 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 2336974 #>"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"function applies direct step method gradually-varying water surface profile flow open channel trapezoidal shape.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"","code":"direct_step(   So = NULL,   n = NULL,   Q = NULL,   y1 = NULL,   y2 = NULL,   b = NULL,   m = NULL,   nsteps = 1,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"numeric channel bed slope [unitless] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] y1 numeric vector contains initial water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y2 numeric vector contains final water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] nsteps integer number calculation steps y1 y2 [unitless] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"Returns data frame (tibble) columns: x - cumulative distance position y1 z - elevation channel bed location x y - depth water location x - cross-sectional area location x Sf - slope energy grade line location x E - specific energy location x Fr - Froude number location x","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"direct step method applies energy equation gradually-varied open channel flow conditions, assuming increment approximately uniform. function works trapezoidal channel shape. water depths two locations input channel geometry flow rate, distance two locations, \\({\\Delta}X\\), calculated: $${\\Delta}X = \\frac{E_1 - E_2}{S_f-S_o}$$ \\(E_1\\)  \\(E_2\\) specific energy values locations \\(y_1\\)  \\(y_2\\),  \\(S_f\\) slope energy grade line, \\(S_o\\) slope channel bed.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"","code":"#Solving for profile between depths 3.1 ft and 3.4 ft in a rectangular channel #Flow of 140 ft^3/s, bottom width = 6 ft: direct_step(So=0.0015, n=0.013, Q=140, y1=3.1, y2=3.4, b=6, m=0, nsteps=2, units=\"Eng\") #> y1=3.100, y2=3.400, yn=3.750, yc=2.566646 #> Profile type  = M2 #> # A tibble: 3 × 7 #>        x     z     y     A      Sf     E    Fr #>    <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> #> 1    0   0      3.1   18.6 0.00247  3.98 0.753 #> 2  -85.6 0.128  3.25  19.5 0.00218  4.05 0.702 #> 3 -230.  0.346  3.4   20.4 0.00194  4.13 0.656"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"function uses Hardy-Cross method iteratively solve equations conservation mass energy water pipe network. input consists data frame pipe characteristics lists pipes loop (listed clockwise direction) initial guesses flows pipe (positive flows clockwise direction).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"","code":"hardycross(   dfpipes = dfpipes,   loops = loops,   Qs = Qs,   n_iter = 1,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"dfpipes data frame pipe data. Format described , must contain column named _ID_. loops integer list defining pipes loop network. Qs numeric list initial flows pipe loop [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n_iter integer identifying number iterations perform. units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned pipe flows class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"Returns list two data frames: dfloops - final flow magnitude direction (clockwise positive) loop pipe dfpipes - input pipe data frame, additional columns including final Q","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"input data frame pipe data must contain pipe ID column pipe numbers used loops input list. three options input column pipe roughness data frame: case absolute pipe roughness, \\(ks\\) (m ft), input,   input pipe data frame must also include columns length, \\(L\\)   diameter, \\(D\\), (m ft) \\(K\\) can calculated. case,   new \\(f\\) \\(K\\) calculated iteration, final values   included output. input \\(K\\) \\(f\\) columns provided, values   \\(ks\\) ignored. input \\(K\\) column provided, \\(ks\\) \\(f\\)   ignored. Colebrook equation used determine \\(f\\), water   temperature \\(20^{o}C\\) \\(68^{o}F\\) used. number iterations perform may specified n_iter input   value, execution stops average flow adjustment becomes smaller   1 percent average flow pipes. Darcy-Weisbach equation used estimate head loss pipe segment, expressed condensed form \\(h_f = KQ^{2}\\) : $$K = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}$$ needed, friction factor \\(f\\) calculated using Colebrook equation. flow adjustment loop calculated iteration : $$\\Delta{Q_i} = -\\frac{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} K_{ij}Q_j|Q_j|}{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} 2K_{ij}Q_j^2}$$ \\(\\) loop number, \\(j\\) pipe number, \\(p_i\\) number pipes loop \\(\\) \\(\\Delta{Q_i}\\) flow adjustment applied pipe loop \\(\\) next iteration.","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"","code":"#              A----------B --> 0.5m^3/s #              |\\   (4)   | #              | \\        | #              |  \\       | #              |   \\(2)   | #              |    \\     |(5) #              |(1)  \\    | #              |      \\   | #              |       \\  | #              |        \\ | #              |   (3)   \\| # 0.5m^3/s --> C----------D  #Input pipe characteristics data frame. With K given other columns not needed dfpipes <- data.frame( ID = c(1,2,3,4,5),                     #pipe ID K = c(200,2500,500,800,300)            #resistance used in hf=KQ^2 ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3),c(2,4,5)) Qs <- list(c(0.3,0.1,-0.2),c(-0.1,0.2,-0.3)) hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 1, units = \"SI\") #> Using fixed K values #> Iteration: 1, Loop: 1, dQ: -0.02805 #> Iteration: 1, Loop: 2, dQ: 0.02000 #> $dfloops #>   loop pipe        flow #> 1    1    1  0.27195122 #> 2    1    2  0.05195122 #> 3    1    3 -0.22804878 #> 4    2    2 -0.05195122 #> 5    2    4  0.22000000 #> 6    2    5 -0.28000000 #>  #> $dfpipes #>   ID    K           Q #> 1  1  200  0.27195122 #> 2  2 2500  0.05195122 #> 3  3  500 -0.22804878 #> 4  4  800  0.22000000 #> 5  5  300 -0.28000000 #>"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"function solves Manning equation water flow circular pipe less full. Uniform flow conditions assumed, pipe slope equal slope water surface energy grade line. modification code prepared Irucka Embry iemisc package. iemisc::manningcirc function adapted limited cases commonly used classroom exercises, additional checks included ensure pipe flowing less full, cross-section figure also available. iemisc::manningcirc iemisc::manningcircy functions combined single function. Manning n supplied assumed full pipe flow; optional argument may supplied account n varying depth.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"","code":"manningc(   Q = NULL,   n = NULL,   Sf = NULL,   y = NULL,   d = NULL,   y_d = NULL,   n_var = FALSE,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient (full flow fixed). Sf numeric vector contains slope pipe [unitless] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] d numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y_d numeric vector contains ratio depth diameter [unitless] n_var set TRUE value n full flow adjusted depth. [Default FALSE] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package] ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Returns list including missing parameter: Q - flow rate V - flow velocity - cross-sectional area flow P - wetted perimeter R - hydraulic radius (/P) y - flow depth d - pipe diameter Sf - slope n - Manning's roughness (full flow, adjusted n_var TRUE) yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number Re - Reynolds number Qf - Full pipe flow rate","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"possible applications function solving Manning equation circular pipes : Manning equation (also known Strickler equation) describes flow conditions open channel uniform flow conditions. often expressed : $$Q = \\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): $$\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1$$ \\(B\\) top width water surface. Since B equals zero full pipe, critical depth set pipe diameter \\(d\\) flow \\(Q\\) exceeds value produce critical flow \\(\\frac{y}{d}=0.99\\).","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"","code":"#Solving for flow rate, Q: SI Units manningc(d = 0.6, n = 0.013, Sf = 1./400., y = 0.24, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.1034572 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.9795864 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.1056131 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.821663 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.1285358 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.24 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.6 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.0025 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.2049712 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.7380179 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 123074.7 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.3070058 #>  #returns 0.1 m3/s  #Solving for Sf, if d=600 mm and pipe is to flow half full manningc(d = 0.6, Q = 0.17, n = 0.013, y = 0.3, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.17 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.202504 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.1413717 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.9424778 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.15 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.3 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.6 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.00306623 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.2653927 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.7910804 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 176311.2 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.34 #>  #returns required slope of 0.003  #Solving for diameter, d when given y_d): Eng (US) units manningc(Q = 83.5, n = 0.015, Sf = 0.0002, y_d = 0.9, units = \"Eng\") #> $Q #> [1] 83.5 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.287699 #>  #> $A #> [1] 36.49955 #>  #> $P #> [1] 17.49094 #>  #> $R #> [1] 2.086769 #>  #> $y #> [1] 6.301548 #>  #> $d #> [1] 7.00172 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 2e-04 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.015 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 2.338705 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.1367745 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 433166.9 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 78.34463 #>  #returns 7.0 ft required diameter  #Solving for depth, y when given Q: SI units manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.01 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.3760535 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.02659196 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.4374827 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.06078403 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.1578279 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.001 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.08454977 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2974619 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 22342.98 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.01037178 #>  #returns depth  y = 0.158 m, critical depth, yc = 0.085 m  #Solving for depth, y when given Q: SI units, and n variable with depth manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, n_var = TRUE, units=\"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.01 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.3438694 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.02908081 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.4822183 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.06030631 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.174484 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.001 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.01414214 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.08454977 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2352268 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 20270.21 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.01037178 #>  #returns depth  y = 0.174 m, critical depth, yc = 0.085 m"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"function solves Manning equation water flow open channel trapezoidal shape.  Uniform flow conditions assumed, channel slope equal slope water surface energy grade line. modification code prepared Irucka Embry iemisc package. Specifically iemisc::manningtrap, iemisc::manningrect, iemisc::manningtri combined adapted cases commonly used classroom exercises. auxiliary variables iemisc code included (shear stress, specific energy), can calculated separately. cross-section figure also available.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"","code":"manningt(   Q = NULL,   n = NULL,   m = NULL,   Sf = NULL,   y = NULL,   b = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] Sf numeric vector contains slope channel [unitless] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Returns list including missing parameter: Q - flow rate V - flow velocity - cross-sectional area flow P - wetted perimeter R - hydraulic radius y - flow depth (normal depth) b - channel bottom width m - channel side slope Sf - slope B - top width water surface n - Manning's roughness yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number Re - Reynolds number bopt - optimal bottom width (returned solving b) yopt - optimal water depth (returned solving y)","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Manning equation characterizes open channel flow conditions uniform flow conditions: $$Q = \\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Using geometric relationships hydraulic radius cross-sectional area trapezoid, takes form: $$Q=\\frac{C}{n}{\\frac{\\left(+^2\\right)^{\\frac{5}{3}}}{\\left(b+2y\\sqrt{1+m^2}\\right)^\\frac{2}{3}}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): $$\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1$$ \\(B\\) top width water surface. given Q, m, n, Sf, hydraulically efficient channel found maximizing R, can done setting Manning equation \\(\\frac{\\partial R}{\\partial y}=0\\). produces: $$y_{opt} = 2^{\\frac{1}{4}}\\left(\\frac{Qn}{C\\left(2\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)S_f^{\\frac{1}{2}}}\\right)^{\\frac{3}{8}}$$ $$b_{opt} = 2y_{opt}\\left(\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)$$","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"","code":"#Solving for flow rate, Q, trapezoidal channel: SI Units manningt(n = 0.013, m = 2, Sf = 0.0005, y = 1.83, b = 3, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 22.19996 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.82149 #>  #> $A #> [1] 12.1878 #>  #> $P #> [1] 11.18401 #>  #> $R #> [1] 1.089752 #>  #> $y #> [1] 1.83 #>  #> $b #> [1] 3 #>  #> $m #> [1] 2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 5e-04 #>  #> $B #> [1] 10.32 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 1.322952 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.535234 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 1940245 #>  #returns Q=22.2 m3/s  #Solving for roughness, n, rectangular channel: Eng units manningt(Q = 14.56, m = 0, Sf = 0.0004, y = 2.0, b = 4, units = \"Eng\") #> $Q #> [1] 14.56 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.82 #>  #> $A #> [1] 8 #>  #> $P #> [1] 8 #>  #> $R #> [1] 1 #>  #> $y #> [1] 2 #>  #> $b #> [1] 4 #>  #> $m #> [1] 0 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 4e-04 #>  #> $B #> [1] 4 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.01629942 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.7437873 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2267924 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 165140.4 #>  #returns Manning n of 0.016  #Solving for depth, y, triangular channel: SI units manningt(Q = 1.0, n = 0.011, m = 1, Sf = 0.0065, b = 0, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 1 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.648641 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.3775521 #>  #> $P #> [1] 1.737935 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.2172418 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.6144527 #>  #> $b #> [1] 0 #>  #> $m #> [1] 1 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.0065 #>  #> $B #> [1] 1.228905 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.011 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.7276052 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 1.525926 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 562430.1 #>  #> $yopt #> [1] 0.4493444 #>  #returns 0.6 m normal flow depth"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"function plots standard Moody diagram, allows additional points added including arguments Re f.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"","code":"moody(Re = NULL, f = NULL)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Re (optional) numeric vector contains Reynolds numbers points manually added f (optional) numeric vector (length Re) contains Darcy-Weisbach friction factors corresponding points manually added","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Moody diagram, optional added (Re, f) points","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"","code":"# Draw canonical Moody diagram moody()  # Draw Moody diagram plotting two additional points Re = c(10000, 100000) f = c(0.04, 0.03) moody( Re = Re, f = f )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Uses input pump system curves find operating point pump create plot.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"","code":"operpoint(pcurve = NULL, scurve = NULL)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"pcurve pumpcurve object scurve systemcurve object","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Returns list including: Qop - flow operating point [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] hop - head operating point [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] p - plot object curves","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Fits polynomial curve three points pump characteristic curve. allows solving operating point pump piping system. portion based https://github.com/PhDMeiwp/basicTrendline/blob/master/R/trendline.R","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"","code":"pumpcurve(Q = NULL, h = NULL, eq = \"poly1\", units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Q Numeric vector flow rates selected points pump curve [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] h Numeric vector heads selected points pump curve [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] eq Character vector identifying equation fit (see details) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Returns object class pumpcurve consisting list including: curve - function defining curve fit data eqn - character vector equation curve r2 - coefficient determination curve fit, \\(R^2\\) p - plot object fit curve units - units system passed function","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"form equation fit input points may one following, determined eq input parameter. \\(h_{shutoff}\\) head pump curve associated \\(Q=0\\). shutoff head \\(Q=0\\) included input vectors poly3 equation form used.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"","code":"#Input in Eng units - use \\code{units} package for easy unit conversion qgpm <- units::set_units(c(0, 5000, 7850), gallons/minute) qcfs <- units::set_units(qgpm, ft^3/s) hft <- c(81, 60, 20) #units are already in ft so setting units is optional pumpcurve(Q = qcfs, h = hft, eq = \"poly2\", units = \"Eng\") #> $curve #> function (x)  #> coef(hqfit)[1] + x^2 * coef(hqfit)[2] #> <bytecode: 0x555dbe8bde28> #> <environment: 0x555dbe8c02f8> #>  #> $eqn #> [1] \"h == 82.5 - 0.201*Q^2\" #>  #> $r2 #> [1] 0.995 #>  #> $p  #>  #> $units #> [1] \"Eng\" #>  #> attr(,\"class\") #> [1] \"pumpcurve\""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"function solves Momentum equation water flow open channel trapezoidal shape determines sequent (conjugate) depth. flow depth either upstream downstream hydraulic jump, whichever provided input.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"","code":"sequent_depth(   Q = NULL,   b = NULL,   y = NULL,   m = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Returns list including: y - input depth y_seq - sequent depth yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number input depth Fr_seq - Froude number sequent depth E - specific energy input depth E_seq - specific energy sequent depth","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Momentum equation open channel flow conditions trapezoidal channel: $$M = \\frac{^2}{2}+\\frac{^3}{3}+\\frac{Q^2}{gy\\left(b+\\right)}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. momentum function assumed sides hydraulic jump, allowing determination sequent depth.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"","code":"#Solving for sequent depth: SI Units #Flow of 0.2 m^3/s, bottom width = 0.5 m, Depth = 0.1 m, side slope = 1:1 sequent_depth(Q=0.2,b=0.5,y=0.1,m=1,units = \"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) #> Mixed units: 1 (2), m (5)  #> 0.1 [m], 0.3941009 [m], 0.217704 [m], 3.635731 [1], 0.3465538 [1], 0.666509 [m], 0.4105265 [m]"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"function plots specific energy diagram trapezoidal (including rectangular triangular) channel, annotation critical depth minimum specific energy.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"","code":"spec_energy_trap(   Q = NULL,   b = NULL,   m = NULL,   y = NULL,   scale = 3,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\") )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Q flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] b bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m side slope (H:1) [unitless] y depth(s) flow (numeric vector length <= 2) [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] (optional) scale multiplier (yc) axis scales (default 3) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"specific energy diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Specific Energy, E, energy, expressed head (.e., mechanical energy per unit weight water, units length) relative channel bottom. calculated : $$E = y+\\alpha\\frac{Q^{2}}{2g\\,^{2}} = y+\\alpha\\frac{V^{2}}{2g}$$ \\(y\\) flow depth, \\(\\) cross-sectional flow area, \\({V}=\\frac{Q}{}\\), \\(\\alpha\\) kinetic energy correction factor account non-uniform velocities across cross-section;  \\(\\alpha=1.0\\) function (commonly assumed).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"","code":"# Draw a specific energy diagram for a cross-section with flow 1, width 2, side slope 3:1 (H:V) spec_energy_trap(Q = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, scale = 4, units = \"SI\")   # Draw the same specific energy diagram adding lines for depths, y = 0.5 and 0.8 m spec_energy_trap(Q = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, scale = 4, y = c(0.5, 0.8), units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Creates system curve piping system using static head coefficient.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"","code":"systemcurve(hs = NULL, K = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"hs Numeric value static head [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] K Numeric value coefficient equation \\(h = hs + {K}{Q}^2\\) Q units \\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Returns object class systemcurve consisting list including: curve - function defining system curve eqn - character vector equation curve units - units system passed function","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"","code":"#Input in Eng units. Coefficient can be calculated manually or using  #other package functions for friction loss in a pipe system using \\eqn{Q=1} ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 1,D = 20/12, L = 3884, ks = 0.0005, nu = 1.23e-5, units = \"Eng\") #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem systemcurve(hs = 30, K = ans$hf, units = \"Eng\") #> $curve #> function (x)  #> hs + x^2 * K #> <bytecode: 0x555dbec6b760> #> <environment: 0x555dbec6b220> #>  #> $eqn #> [1] \"h == 30 + 0.16*Q^2\" #>  #> $units #> [1] \"Eng\" #>  #> attr(,\"class\") #> [1] \"systemcurve\""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"Tabulates tibble basic water properties: density, dynamic kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, bulk modulus.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"","code":"water_table(units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"), ret_units = TRUE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default TRUE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"","code":"water_table(units = 'SI') #> # A tibble: 21 × 8 #>    Temp  Density Spec_Weight Viscosity  Kinem_Visc Sat_VP Surf_Tens   Bulk_Mod #>     [C] [kg/m^3]     [N/m^3] [N*s/m^2]     [m^2/s]   [Pa]     [N/m]       [Pa] #>  1    0    1000.       9809.  0.00173  0.00000173    611.    0.0757 2020000000 #>  2    5    1000.       9810.  0.00150  0.00000150    873.    0.0749 2060000000 #>  3   10    1000.       9807.  0.00131  0.00000131   1228.    0.0742 2100000000 #>  4   15     999.       9801.  0.00115  0.00000115   1706.    0.0735 2140000000 #>  5   20     998.       9793.  0.00102  0.00000102   2339.    0.0727 2180000000 #>  6   25     997.       9781.  0.000911 0.000000913  3170.    0.0720 2220000000 #>  7   30     996.       9768.  0.000817 0.000000821  4247.    0.0712 2250000000 #>  8   35     994.       9752.  0.000738 0.000000742  5629.    0.0704 2265000000 #>  9   40     992.       9734.  0.000670 0.000000675  7385.    0.0696 2280000000 #> 10   45     990.       9714.  0.000611 0.000000617  9595.    0.0688 2285000000 #> # ℹ 11 more rows"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"function calculates water properties used functions.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"","code":"dvisc(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  dens(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  specwt(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  kvisc(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  svp(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  surf_tension(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  Ev(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"T water temperature [\\(^{\\circ}C\\) \\(^{\\circ}F\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"rho, density water   dens function [\\({kg}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({slug}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)] spwt, specific weight water   specwt function [\\({N}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({lbf}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)] mu, dynamic viscosity water   dvisc function [\\({N}\\,{s}\\,{m^{-2}}\\) \\({lbf}\\,{s}\\,{ft^{-2}}\\)] nu, kinematic viscosity water   kvisc function [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. svp, saturation vapor pressure water   svp function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)]. surf_tension, surface tension water   surf_tension function [\\(N m^{-1}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-1}\\)]. Ev, bulk modulus elasticity water   Ev function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)].","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"","code":"#Find kinematic viscocity for water temperature of 55 F nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng')  #Find kinematic viscocity assuming default water temperature of 68 F nu = kvisc(units = 'Eng') #>  #> Temperature not given. #> Assuming T = 68 F  #Find water density for water temperature of 25 C rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI')  #Find saturation vapor pressure for water temperature of 10 C vps = svp(T = 10, units = 'SI')  #Find surface tension for water temperature of 10 C s_tens = surf_tension(T = 10, units = 'SI')"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"function plots cross-section circular pipe, shaded filled level indicated depth diameter values passed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"","code":"xc_circle(y = NULL, d = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"y water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] d pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"cross-section diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"","code":"# Draw a cross-section with diameter 1.0 and depth 0.7 xc_circle(y = 0.7, d = 1.0, units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"function plots cross-section  (trapezoid, rectangle, triangle), shaded filled level indicated values passed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"","code":"xc_trap(y = NULL, b = NULL, m = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"y water depth  [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b bottom width  [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m side slope (H:1) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"cross-section diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"","code":"# Draw a cross-section with depth 1, width 2, side slope 3:1 (H:V) xc_trap(y = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, units = \"SI\") #> Warning: All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Please consider using `annotate()` or provide this layer with data containing #>   a single row. #> Warning: All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Please consider using `annotate()` or provide this layer with data containing #>   a single row."},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-070","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.7.0","title":"hydraulics 0.7.0","text":"CRAN release: 2024-03-06 Update vignette DESCRIPTION replace package docxtools formatdown Add option manningc allow n vary depth Modify spec_energy_trap plotting function include one added depth line Update vignette include new capabilities","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-061","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.6.1","title":"hydraulics 0.6.1","text":"CRAN release: 2022-12-06 Modifications R 4.2 change warning error () statements condition length greater one","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-060","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.6.0","title":"hydraulics 0.6.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-11-09 Corrected erroneous unit conversion atmtemp function Update variable consistency pump hardy-cross equations (r K) Added function use direct step method water profile calculation Added function find sequent depth hydraulic jump","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-050","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.5.0","title":"hydraulics 0.5.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-10-11 Added functions specific weight, atmospheric properties, summary tables Corrected dens function incorrectly returned specific weight Eng units Updated vignette show new functions","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-041","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.4.1","title":"hydraulics 0.4.1","text":"CRAN release: 2022-03-07 Added functions surface tension bulk modulus elasticity Corrected typos Updated vignette","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-040","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.4.0","title":"hydraulics 0.4.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-01-03 Added functions solve flows pipe network Hardy-Cross method Added saturated vapor pressure function water properties Updated vignette demonstrate new functions","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-030","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.3.0","title":"hydraulics 0.3.0","text":"CRAN release: 2021-05-19 Added functions fit pump characteristic curve system curve Updated vignette demonstrate new functions Improved plotting specific energy diagrams ","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-024","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.4","title":"hydraulics 0.2.4","text":"CRAN release: 2021-02-25 Improved plotting specific energy diagrams","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-023","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.3","title":"hydraulics 0.2.3","text":"CRAN release: 2020-12-13 Added capabilities calculate optimal trapezoidal channel width depth Added illustrations vignette new functions Corrected equations Colebrook formula","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-022","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.2","title":"hydraulics 0.2.2","text":"CRAN release: 2020-08-26 Added ability use units package functions Added detailed vignette demonstrate capabilities package","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-021","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.1","title":"hydraulics 0.2.1","text":"CRAN release: 2020-08-02 Expanded necessary corrected documentation functions Changed name colebrook_f colebrook alignment function name Added function calculate critical depth circular pipe","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-020-cran-commit-a3f7f8df5d","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.0 (CRAN commit a3f7f8df5d)","title":"hydraulics 0.2.0 (CRAN commit a3f7f8df5d)","text":"CRAN release: 2020-07-02 Added functionality solve absolute roughness presure pipe flow Added manningc function include partially filled pipe solutions Added manningt function include trapezoidal (including rectangular triangular) open-channel flow solutions Added plotting circle trapezoid cross-sections open channels Added spec_energy_trap function plot specific energy diagram trapezoidal channels","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-010","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.1.0","title":"hydraulics 0.1.0","text":"CRAN release: 2020-05-18 Initial Release","code":""}]
+[{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"introduction-to-the-hydraulics-package","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"hydraulics package developed augment education basic closed conduit open channel hydraulics. common applications civil engineering involve water flowing turbulent conditions, functions make assumption. assumption violated, warning generated, though often means input error. engineering calculations burdened persistence U.S. customary (often referred English) units, functions work either system designating units either SI Eng.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"water-properties","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"1.0 Water properties","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"describing behavior water pipes channels turbulent flow conditions three water properties used used calculations, vary water temperature: density (ρ\\rho), dynamic viscosity(μ\\mu), kinematic viscosity(ν\\nu), related ν=μρ\\nu=\\frac{\\mu}{\\rho}. additional function exists saturated vapor pressure water. properties found using dens, dvisc, kvisc, svp functions. example, kinematic viscosity water temperature 55 ∘^\\circF found follows: Similarly water density water temperature 25 ∘^\\circC can determined : water property functions can accept list input temperature values, enabling visualization property varying water temperature, example:  water property functions can also called ret_units parameter, case function returns object class units, designated package units. enables capabilities new units deduced operations performed values. Concise examples vignettes ‘units’ package. units correct, simplified form. can done setting new units. Unit conversions done way. example finding saturated vapor pressure water 10 ∘^\\circC follows. results class units also can units plot without cumbersome formatting axis labels.  Sometimes useful table containing water properties organized temperature. ‘hydraulics’ package includes water_table function generate table either SI Eng units. table can reformatted something attractive using kableExtra formatdown packages. hydraulics package focused water, properties atmosphere important characterizing interaction water air. particularly important phenomena evaporation condensation. Selected characteristics standard atmosphere, determined International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), included package. Three functions return different properties standard atmosphere: atmospheric functions input arguments altitude (ft m), unit system (SI Eng), whether units returned. Similar water properties table, summary standard atmosphere can obtained function atmos_table.","code":"nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng') cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.318e-05 ft2/s rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI') cat(sprintf(\"Water density: %.3f kg/m3\\n\", rho)) #> Water density: 997.075 kg/m3 Ts <- seq(0, 100, 10) nus <- kvisc(T = Ts, units = 'SI') xlbl <- expression(\"Temperature, \" (degree*C)) ylbl <- expression(\"Kinematic viscosity,\" ~nu~ (m^{2}/s)) par(cex=0.8, mgp = c(2,0.7,0)) plot(Ts, nus, xlab = xlbl, ylab = ylbl, type=\"l\") T <- 25 Dens <- dens(T = T, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) Dvisc <- dvisc(T = T, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) #Calculate kinematic viscosity and units are generated correctly Kvisc <- Dvisc / Dens Kvisc #> 9.134879e-07 [m*N*s/kg] units::set_units(Kvisc, m^2/s) #> 9.134879e-07 [m^2/s] units::set_units(Kvisc, ft^2/s) #> 9.832702e-06 [ft^2/s] vps <- svp(T = 10, units = \"SI\", ret_units = T) vps #> 1228.188 [Pa] #convert to psi - notice the need to enclose \"in\" with backticks since \"in\"  #has other meanings in R units::set_units(vps,lbf/`in`^2) #> 0.1781336 [lbf/in^2] Temperature <- units::set_units(seq(0, 100, 10), degree_Celsius) Kinematic_Viscosity <- kvisc(T = Temperature, units = 'SI', ret_units = TRUE) par(cex=0.8, mar = par(\"mar\") + c(0, .2, 0, 0)) plot(Temperature, Kinematic_Viscosity, type=\"l\") tbl <- water_table(units = \"SI\") tbl #> # A tibble: 21 × 8 #>    Temp  Density Spec_Weight Viscosity  Kinem_Visc Sat_VP Surf_Tens   Bulk_Mod #>     [C] [kg/m^3]     [N/m^3] [N*s/m^2]     [m^2/s]   [Pa]     [N/m]       [Pa] #>  1    0    1000.       9809.  0.00173  0.00000173    611.    0.0757 2020000000 #>  2    5    1000.       9810.  0.00150  0.00000150    873.    0.0749 2060000000 #>  3   10    1000.       9807.  0.00131  0.00000131   1228.    0.0742 2100000000 #>  4   15     999.       9801.  0.00115  0.00000115   1706.    0.0735 2140000000 #>  5   20     998.       9793.  0.00102  0.00000102   2339.    0.0727 2180000000 #>  6   25     997.       9781.  0.000911 0.000000913  3170.    0.0720 2220000000 #>  7   30     996.       9768.  0.000817 0.000000821  4247.    0.0712 2250000000 #>  8   35     994.       9752.  0.000738 0.000000742  5629.    0.0704 2265000000 #>  9   40     992.       9734.  0.000670 0.000000675  7385.    0.0696 2280000000 #> 10   45     990.       9714.  0.000611 0.000000617  9595.    0.0688 2285000000 #> # ℹ 11 more rows # Manage units unitlist <- sapply(unname(tbl), units::deparse_unit) colnames <- names(tbl) tbl <- units::drop_units(tbl)  # Assign size argument for table output formatdown::formatdown_options(size = \"small\") # Format text as-is (i.e., as integers) tbl$Temp <- formatdown::format_text(tbl$Temp) # Format decimals to 4 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Density\", \"Spec_Weight\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_dcml(x, digits = 4)} ) # Format using power-of-ten notation to 4 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Viscosity\", \"Kinem_Visc\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_engr(x, digits = 4)} ) # Exponent set to 3 for all entries tbl$Sat_VP <- formatdown::format_engr(tbl$Sat_VP, digits = 4, set_power = 3) # Format using power-of-ten notation to 3 significant digits cols_we_want = c(\"Surf_Tens\", \"Bulk_Mod\") tbl[, cols_we_want] <- lapply(tbl[, cols_we_want], function (x) {formatdown::format_engr(x, digits = 3)} ) # Reset size option formatdown::formatdown_options(reset = TRUE)  tbl2 <- knitr::kable(tbl, col.names = unitlist, align = \"c\", format = \"html\") kableExtra::add_header_above(tbl2, header = colnames, line = F, align = \"c\") atmpres(alt = 3000, units = \"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) #> 70121.14 [Pa] tbl <- atmos_table(units = \"SI\") tbl #> # A tibble: 16 × 4 #>    Altitude   Temp Pressure  Density #>         [m]    [C]     [Pa] [kg/m^3] #>  1        0  15     101325     1.23  #>  2     1000   8.50   89876.    1.11  #>  3     2000   2.00   79501.    1.01  #>  4     3000  -4.49   70121.    0.909 #>  5     4000 -11.0    61660.    0.819 #>  6     5000 -17.5    54048.    0.736 #>  7     6000 -24.0    47218.    0.660 #>  8     7000 -30.5    41105.    0.590 #>  9     8000 -36.9    35652.    0.526 #> 10     9000 -43.4    30801.    0.467 #> 11    10000 -49.9    26500.    0.414 #> 12    11000 -56.4    22700.    0.365 #> 13    12000 -62.9    19355.    0.321 #> 14    13000 -69.3    16421.    0.281 #> 15    14000 -75.8    13859.    0.245 #> 16    15000 -82.3    11632.    0.212"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"fundamental-constants","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"2.0 Fundamental constants","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"Two important descriptive quantities engineering hydraulics Reynolds number, Re Froude number Fr. Re=VDνRe=\\frac{VD}{\\nu} describes turbulence flow. expresses ratio kinematic forces, expressed velocity V characteristic length pipe diameter, D, viscous forces expressed kinematic viscosity ν\\nu. open channels characteristic length hydraulic depth, area flow divided top width. adequately turbulent conditions exists, Reynolds numbers exceed 4000 full pipes, 2000 open channels. open channel flow, given channel shape flow rate, flow can usually exist two different depths, termed subcritical (slow, deep) supercritical (shallow, fast). exception critical flow conditions, one depth exists, critical depth. depth exhibited flow determined slope roughness channel. Froude number defined Fr=VgDFr=\\frac{V}{\\sqrt{gD}}. Fr characterizes flow : constants calculated internally returned output many functions. Critical flow important open-channel flow applications discussed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"friction-loss-in-circular-pipes","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"3.0 Friction Loss in Circular Pipes","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"energy point along pipe containing flowing water often described energy per unit weight, energy head, E: E=z+Pγ+αV22gE = z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\alpha\\frac{V^2}{2g} P pressure, γ=ρg\\gamma=\\rho g specific weight water, z elevation point, V average velocity, term units length. α\\alpha kinetic energy adjustment factor account non-uniform velocity distribution across cross-section. α\\alpha typically assumed 1.0 turbulent flow value close 1.0 V22g\\frac{V^2}{2g} (velocity head) tends small relation terms equation. water flows pipe energy lost due friction pipe walls local disturbances (minor losses). energy loss two sections expressed E1−hl=E2{E_1} - {h_l} = {E_2}. pipes long, LD>1000\\frac{L}{D}>1000, friction losses dominate energy loss system, head loss, hlh_l, calculated head loss due friction, hfh_f. energy head loss due friction walls pipe described Darcy-Weisbach equation, estimates energy loss per unit weight, head loss hf{h_f}, units length. circular pipes expressed : hf=fLDV22g=8fLπ2gD5Q2h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2} equation f friction factor, typically calculated Colebrook equation: 1f=−2log(ksD3.7+2.51Ref)\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}} = -2\\log\\left(\\frac{\\frac{k_s}{D}}{3.7} + \\frac{2.51}{Re\\sqrt{f}}\\right) ksk_s absolute roughness pipe wall. close approximations Colebrook equation explicit form facilitate hand-calculations, package uses Colebrook function. one variables Darcy Weisbach equation, extension Colebrook equation, may treated unknown. existing pipe known flow rate, friction loss length pipe may found: Reynolds number adequately high ensure flow turbulent Colebrook equation valid. water properties function, can called ret_units = TRUE return list units objects (using input ): new design problem can involve calculation required diameter given head loss flow rate, pipe specified pressure flow downstream point. example follows. usefulness R package much individual calculations, repeated trials see one variable might vary another. example, might interesting see required diameter varies changing flow rate. following example illustrates calculation diameters required meet specified head loss flows varying 30 - 45 ft3^3/s.  Another example use package laboratory setting, pressure measurements taken two points along straight pipe sequence flow rates determine pipe roughness. example, length pipe 3 m, diameter 25 mm, following head losses observed different flow rates: absolute roughness can calculated providing variables. Several roughness values can calculated one call shown , results plotted Moody diagram reality check.","code":"D <- 20/12    #20 inch converted to ft L <- 10560    #ft Q <- 4        #ft^3/s T <- 60       #degrees F ks <- 0.0005  #ft  ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q,D = D, L = L, ks = ks,                       nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"), units = c(\"Eng\")) #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nHead Loss: %.2f ft\\n\",              ans$Re, ans$f, ans$hf)) #> Reynolds no: 248625 #> Friction Fact: 0.0173 #> Head Loss: 5.72 ft ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 4.0,D = 20/12, L = 10560, ks = 0.0005, nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"),                      units = \"Eng\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\") Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f ft\\n\", ans$Re, ans$f, ans$D)) #> Reynolds no: 2336974 #> Friction Fact: 0.0164 #> Diameter: 1.85 ft Qs <- seq(30, 45, 1.0)    #flows in ft^3/s L <- 8000                 #pipe length in ft hf <- 215                 #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68                   #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008              #pipe roughness, ft ans <- mapply(darcyweisbach, Q=Qs, MoreArgs =                   list(hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = 'Eng')) ans <- as.data.frame(t(ans)) plot(ans$Q, ans$D, xlab = \"Q, ft^3/s\", ylab = \"D, ft\", type=\"l\") grid() ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 0.00020, hf = 0.052, L = 3.0, D = 0.025, nu = kvisc(T=20, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) cat(sprintf(\"Absolute roughness: %.6f m\\nFriction Factor: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f m\\n\", ans$ks, ans$f, ans$D)) #> Absolute roughness: 0.000473 m #> Friction Factor: 0.0514 #> Diameter: 0.03 m Qs = c(0.00020, 0.00024, 0.00030) #converted to m^3/s hfs <- c(0.052,0.073,0.110) ans <- mapply(darcyweisbach, Q=Qs, hf=hfs, MoreArgs =                   list(L = 3.0, D = 0.025, nu = kvisc(T=20, units='SI'), units = 'SI')) ks_values = unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$ks) cat(round(ks_values,6)) #> 0.000473 0.000433 0.000397 cat(paste0(\"\\nMean Roughness, ks = \",round(mean(ks_values),6), \" m\")) #>  #> Mean Roughness, ks = 0.000434 m Re_values <- unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$Re) f_values <- unlist((as.data.frame(t(ans)))$f) moody(Re = Re_values, f = f_values)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"flow-in-circular-pipes-flowing-partially-full","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"4.0 Flow in Circular Pipes Flowing Partially Full","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"Manning equation (also known Strickler equation) describes flow conditions open channel uniform flow conditions. often expressed : Q=ACnR23Sf12Q=\\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}} C 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Q flow rate, cross-sectional flow area, n Manning roughness coefficient, R hydraulic radius R=APR=\\frac{}{P}, P wetted perimeter. Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): Q2BgA3=1\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1 B top width water surface. full flow circular pipes, one variables Manning equation, related geometric variables, may treated unknown. existing pipe, common problem determination depth, y given flow Q, given pipe diameter d, slope S roughness n. example follows. circular pipes, also option allow Manning n vary depth, case specified n assumed corresponding full pipe flow. output contains n adjusted. also sometimes convenient see cross-section diagram.","code":"ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, n_var=TRUE, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) xc_circle(y = ans$y, d=ans$d, units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"flow-in-open-channels-rectangular-triangular-trapezoidal","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"5.0 Flow in Open Channels (rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal)","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"flow circular pipes flowing less full, flow open channel rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal shape uses Manning equation. Substituting geometric relationships hydraulic radius cross-sectional area, Manning equation takes form: Q=Cn(+my2)53(b+2y1+m2)23Sf12Q=\\frac{C}{n}{\\frac{\\left(+^2\\right)^{\\frac{5}{3}}}{\\left(b+2y\\sqrt{1+m^2}\\right)^\\frac{2}{3}}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}} rectangular channel, side slope vertical, m = 0; triangular channel, b = 0. given Q, m, n, Sf, hydraulically efficient channel found maximizing R, can done setting Manning equation ∂R∂y=0\\frac{\\partial R}{\\partial y}=0. produces: yopt=214(QnC(21+m2−m)Sf12)38y_{opt} = 2^{\\frac{1}{4}}\\left(\\frac{Qn}{C\\left(2\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)S_f^{\\frac{1}{2}}}\\right)^{\\frac{3}{8}}bopt=2yopt(1+m2−m)b_{opt} = 2y_{opt}\\left(\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right) manningt function works similarly function circular pipes, excluded argument one function determines solution. example, design might require slope deliver required flow, Q channel known geometry (bottom width, b, side slope m) given depth y: Thus, longitudinal slope channel need 0.00088, drop 0.88 ft per 1000 ft. critical depth yc lower normal depth y, indicating flow conditions subcritical, also seen Fr < 1.0. Units can also returned function. simple diagram can generated channel.  solving flow depth, y, channel bottom width, b, additional variable returned optimal depth, yopt, optimal width, bopt. optimal hydraulic efficiency practical concerns construction often result designs flow depths less hydraulic optimum. Solving prior example bottom width illustrates . results show , aside rounding, width returned expected (approximately 20 ft), optimal bottom width hydraulic efficiency closer 4.76 ft. check depth associated channel optimal width, substitute optimal width b solve y: channel geometry flow rate convenient plot specific energy diagram, illustrates different flow depths can occur given specific energy. important understanding may happen water surface flow encounters obstacle transition. channel example , diagram  provides illustration y=3 ft flow subcritical (critical depth). Specific energy conditions prior example E=y+V22g=3.0+5.2222*32.2=3.42ftE=y+\\frac{V^2}{2g}=3.0+\\frac{5.22^2}{2*32.2}=3.42 ft. channel bottom abrupt rise E−Ec=3.42−3.03=0.39ftE-E_c=3.42-3.03=0.39 ft critical depth occur hump. rise anything greater cause damming occur. flow hump critical, downstream hump flow supercritical conditions, flowing alternate depth. specific energy given depth y alternate depth can added plot including argument depth, y (two depths may also specified using argument y=c(<depth1>, <depth2>).  final example shows vary multiple input variables simultaneously. flow Q vary range n y values? expand.grid function produces combinations different variables. functions can run problem permutations results plotted many different ways. One example follows.","code":"ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Slope: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$Sf)) #> Slope: 0.00088 ft knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\", ret_units = TRUE) knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) xc_trap( y = 3.0, b = 20.0, m = 1.0, units = \"Eng\") ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, y = 3.0, Sf = 0.00088, units = \"Eng\") knitr::kable(format(as.data.frame(ans), digits = 2), format = \"pipe\", padding=0) cat(sprintf(\"Optimal bottom width: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$bopt)) #> Optimal bottom width: 4.76753 ft ans <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 4.767534, Sf = 0.00088, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Optimal depth: %.5f ft\\n\", ans$yopt)) #> Optimal depth: 5.75492 ft spec_energy_trap( Q = 360, b = 20, m = 1, scale = 4, units = \"Eng\" ) spec_energy_trap( Q = 360, b = 20, m = 1, scale = 4, y=3.0, units = \"Eng\" ) ns <- seq(0.011, 0.021, 0.002) ys <- seq(1.5, 2.1, 0.1) ny <- expand.grid(n=ns, y=ys) ans <- mapply(manningt, n = ny$n, y = ny$y, MoreArgs = list(m = 2, Sf = 0.0005, b = 3, units = \"SI\")) x <- as.data.frame(t(ans)) #to simplify plotting, select columns of interest and change each from list to numeric x2 <- data.frame(Q=unlist(x$Q),y=unlist(x$y),n=unlist(x$n)) ggplot2::ggplot(data=x2,ggplot2::aes(x=y,y=Q, group=n, colour=n)) + ggplot2::geom_line() +   ggplot2::labs(x = \"y, m\", y = expression(paste(\"Q, \", ~m^3/s)))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"pump-curve-and-operating-points","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"6.0 Pump Curve and Operating Points","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"system delivering water circular pipes assistance pump, selection pump requires consideration pump characteristics energy required deliver different flow rates system. described system pump characteristic curves. intersect defines operating point, flow (energy) head pump operate system. simple hydraulic system (https://www.castlepumps.com) described , simple system loss head (energy per unit weight) due friction, hfh_f, described Darcy-Weisbach equation, can simplified : hf=fLDV22g=8fLπ2gD5Q2=KQ2h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2} = KQ{^2} total dynamic head system requires pump provide, hph_p, found solving energy equation upstream reservoir (point 1) downstream reservoir (point 2). hp=(z+Pγ+V22g)2−(z+Pγ+V22g)1+hfh_p = \\left(z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\frac{V^2}{2g}\\right)_2 - \\left(z+\\frac{P}{\\gamma}+\\frac{V^2}{2g}\\right)_1+h_f simple system example, velocity negligible reservoirs 1 2, pressures reservoirs atmospheric, equation becomes: hp=(z2−z1)+hf=hs+hf=hs+KQ2h_p = \\left(z_2 - z_1\\right) + h_f=h_s+h_f=h_s+KQ^2 Using hydraulics package, coefficient, K, can calculated manually using package functions friction loss pipe system using Q=1Q=1. example: example assume static head 30 ft generate systemcurve object: sample set pump curves (https://www.gouldspumps.com). three red dots points selected approximate curve three selected points used generate polynomial fit curve. currently three options polynomial: hshutoffh_{shutoff} value pump head Q=0Q={0}. coordinates points can input pumpcurve function numeric vectors. flow manufacturer’s pump curves often use units hydraulics package needs, units package provides convenient way convert needed. function pumpcurve returns pumpcurve object includes polynomial fit equation simple plot check fit.  two curves can combined find operating point selected pump defined system.","code":"ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 1,D = 20/12, L = 3884, ks = 0.0005, nu = 1.23e-5, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Coefficient K: %.3f\\n\", ans$hf)) #> Coefficient K: 0.160 scurve <- systemcurve(hs = 30, K = ans$hf, units = \"Eng\") qgpm <- units::set_units(c(0, 5000, 7850), gallons/minute) qcfs <- units::set_units(qgpm, ft^3/s) hft <- c(81, 60, 20) #units are already in ft so setting units is optional pcurve <- pumpcurve(Q = qcfs, h = hft, eq = \"poly2\", units = \"Eng\") pcurve$p oppt <- operpoint(pcurve = pcurve, scurve = scurve) cat(sprintf(\"Operating Point: Q = %.3f, h = %.3f\\n\", oppt$Qop, oppt$hop)) #> Operating Point: Q = 12.051, h = 53.285 oppt$p #> Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range #> (`geom_function()`)."},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"pipe-networks-and-the-hardy-cross-method","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"7.0 Pipe Networks and the Hardy-Cross method","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"water pipe networks containing multiple loops typical method solve flow pipe segment uses Hardy-Cross method. consists setting initial guess flow (magnitude direction) pipe segment, ensuring conservation mass preserved node (vertex) network. calculations performed loop, ensuring energy conserved. hydraulics package, Darcy-Weisbach equation used estimate head loss pipe segment, expressed condensed form hf=KQ2{h_f = KQ^{2}} : K=8fLπ2gD5{K = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}} needed, friction factor f calculated using Colebrook equation. flow adjustment loop calculated iteration : ΔQi=−∑j=1piKijQj|Qj|∑j=1pi2KijQj2{\\Delta{Q_i} = -\\frac{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} K_{ij}Q_j|Q_j|}{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} 2K_{ij}Q_j^2}} loop number, j pipe number, pi{p_i} number pipes loop ΔQi{\\Delta{Q_i}} flow adjustment applied pipe loop next iteration. Pipes shared loops receive adjustments loops. Input consists pipe characteristics, pipe order initial flows loop, number iterations perform, unit system used (needed fixed K values provided). sample pipe network pipe numbers indicated black Input system, assuming fixed f values, look like following. (fixed K values provided, f, L D needed). f values estimated using ks=0.00025mks=0.00025 m form Colebrook equation fully rough flows: 1f=log(3.7ksD)\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}}=log\\left(\\frac{3.7}{\\frac{ks}{D}}\\right) simplification removes velocity dependence f. Running looking output three iterations: output pipe data frame added columns, including flow (direction first loop containing segment). Hardy-Cross method often used fixed f (K) values used exercises performed hand, use Colebrook equation allows friction losses vary Reynolds number. use approach input data must include absolute roughness. Example values included : effect allowing calculation f (correctly) dependent velocity (via Reynolds number) can seen, though effect final flow values small.","code":"dfpipes <- data.frame(   ID = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10),                                #pipe ID   D = c(0.3,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.15,0.25,0.15,0.15,0.25),         #diameter in m   L = c(250,100,125,125,100,100,125,100,100,125),              #length in m   f = c(.01879,.02075,.02075,.02075,.02075,.02233,.01964,.02233,.02233,.01964) ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3,4,5),c(4,6,7,8),c(3,9,10,6)) Qs <- list(c(.040,.040,.02,-.02,-.04),c(.02,0,0,-.02),c(-.02,.02,0,0)) ans <- hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 3, units = \"SI\") knitr::kable(ans$dfloops, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0) knitr::kable(ans$dfpipes, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0) dfpipes <- data.frame(   ID = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10),                         #pipe ID   D = c(0.3,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.15,0.25,0.15,0.15,0.25),  #diameter in m   L = c(250,100,125,125,100,100,125,100,100,125),       #length in m   ks = rep(0.00025,10)                                  #absolute roughness, m ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3,4,5),c(4,6,7,8),c(3,9,10,6)) Qs <- list(c(.040,.040,.02,-.02,-.04),c(.02,0,0,-.02),c(-.02,.02,0,0)) ans <- hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 3, units = \"SI\") knitr::kable(ans$dfpipes, digits = 4, format = \"pipe\", padding=0)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"miscellaneous-functions","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"8.0 Miscellaneous functions","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"functions added hydraulics package add capabilities calculations related gradually- rapidly-varied flow. Additional documentation may found online reference Hydraulics Water Resources: Examples Using R.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/articles/hydraulics_vignette.html","id":"license","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Introduction to the hydraulics package","what":"License","title":"Hydraulics Vignette","text":"GPL-3 2024-11-18 Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/authors.html","id":null,"dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Authors","title":"Authors and Citation","text":"Ed Maurer. Author, maintainer. Irucka Embry. Author, contributor.           iemisc code","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/authors.html","id":"citation","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Citation","title":"Authors and Citation","text":"Maurer E, Embry (2024). hydraulics: Basic Pipe Open Channel Hydraulics. R package version 0.7.1, https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/, https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics.","code":"@Manual{,   title = {hydraulics: Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics},   author = {Ed Maurer and Irucka Embry},   year = {2024},   note = {R package version 0.7.1,     https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/},   url = {https://github.com/EdM44/hydraulics}, }"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"description","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"hydraulics R package solves basic pipe hydraulics pressure gravity flow conditions, open-channel hydraulics trapezoidal channels, including triangular rectangular. Pressure pipe solutions include functions 1) describe properties water, 2) solve Darcy-Weisbach equation friction loss pipes, 3) plot Moody diagram. also functions matching pump characteristic curve system curve, solving flows pipe network using Hardy-Cross method. Partially-filled pipe open-channel flow solutions solved Manning equation. format functions pressure pipe solutions designed compatible iemisc package, open channel hydraulics solutions modifications code package.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"installation","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Installation","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"#Install the stable CRAN version of this package install.packages(\"hydraulics\") #Install the development version of this package if (!requireNamespace(\"remotes\", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages(\"remotes\") remotes::install_github(\"EdM44/hydraulics\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"examples-see-more-examples-in-the-function-descriptions","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples (see more examples in the function descriptions)","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"library(hydraulics)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"id_1-type-1-problem-solve-for-friction-loss-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"1) Type 1 problem (solve for friction loss): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- 20/12    #20 inch converted to ft L <- 10560    #ft Q <- 4        #ft3/s T <- 60       #F ks <- 0.0005  #ft  #Optionally, use utility functions to find the Reynolds Number and friction factor, f: reynolds_number(V = velocity(D, Q), D = D, nu = kvisc(T = T, units = \"Eng\")) #> [1] 248624.7 colebrook(ks = ks, V = velocity(D, Q), D = D, nu = kvisc(T = T, units = \"Eng\")) #> [1] 0.0173031  #Solve directly for the missing value of friction loss  ans1 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q,D = D, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"), units = c(\"Eng\")) #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nHead Loss: %.2f ft\\n\", ans1$Re, ans1$f, ans1$hf)) #> Reynolds no: 248625 #> Friction Fact: 0.0173 #> Head Loss: 5.72 ft"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"id_2-type-2-solving-for-flow-rate-q-si-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"2) Type 2 (solving for flow rate, Q): SI Units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- .5         #m L <- 10         #m hf <- 0.006*L   #m T <- 20         #C ks <- 0.000046  #m ans2 <- darcyweisbach(D = D, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) #> Q missing: solving a Type 2 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nFlow: %.2f m3/s\\n\", ans2$Re, ans2$f, ans2$Q)) #> Reynolds no: 1010337 #> Friction Fact: 0.0133 #> Flow: 0.41 m3/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"type-3-solving-for-diameter-d-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Type 3 (solving for diameter, D): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft ans3 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem cat(sprintf(\"Reynolds no: %.0f\\nFriction Fact: %.4f\\nDiameter: %.2f ft\\n\", ans3$Re, ans3$f, ans3$D)) #> Reynolds no: 2336974 #> Friction Fact: 0.0164 #> Diameter: 1.85 ft"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"solving-for-roughness-height-ks-eng-us-units-print-results-as-data-frame","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Solving for roughness height (ks): Eng (US) units, print results as data frame","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"D <- 1.85     #diameter in ft Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ans4 <- darcyweisbach(Q = Q, D = D, hf = hf, L = L, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> ks missing: solving for missing roughness height knitr::kable(setNames(as.data.frame(unlist(ans4)),c('value')), format = \"html\", padding=0)"},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-kinematic-viscosity-for-water-temperature-of-55-f","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find kinematic viscosity for water temperature of 55 F","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng') cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.318e-05 ft2/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-kinematic-viscosity-assuming-default-water-temperature-of-68-f","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find kinematic viscosity assuming default water temperature of 68 F","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"nu = kvisc(units = 'Eng') #>  #> Temperature not given. #> Assuming T = 68 F cat(sprintf(\"Kinematic viscosity: %.3e ft2/s\\n\", nu)) #> Kinematic viscosity: 1.105e-05 ft2/s"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"find-water-density-for-water-temperature-of-25-c","dir":"","previous_headings":"Utility functions for water properties can be used independently as well:","what":"Find water density for water temperature of 25 C","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI') cat(sprintf(\"Water density: %.3f kg/m3\\n\", rho)) #> Water density: 997.075 kg/m3"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-a-moody-diagram-with-optional-points-added","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot a Moody diagram, with optional points added","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"moody(Re = c(ans1$Re, ans2$Re, ans3$Re), f = c(ans1$f, ans2$f, ans3$f))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-pipe-solving-for-q-si-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Pipe: solving for Q: SI Units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc1 <- manningc(d = 0.6, n = 0.013, Sf = 1./400., y = 0.24, units = \"SI\") cat(sprintf(\"Flow rate, Q: %.2f m3/s\\nFull pipe flow rate, Qf: %.2f\\n\", oc1$Q, oc1$Qf)) #> Flow rate, Q: 0.10 m3/s #> Full pipe flow rate, Qf: 0.31"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-pipe-solving-for-diameter-d-when-given-y_d-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Pipe: solving for diameter, d when given y_d): Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc2 <- manningc(Q = 83.5, n = 0.015, Sf = 0.0002, y_d = 0.9, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Required diameter: %.2f ft\\nFlow depth: %.2f\\n\", oc2$d, oc2$y)) #> Required diameter: 7.00 ft #> Flow depth: 6.30"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-the-cross-section-for-the-last-example","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot the cross section for the last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"xc_circle( y = oc2$y ,d = oc2$d, units = \"Eng\" )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"open-channel-flow-in-a-channel-solving-for-slope-eng-us-units","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Open Channel Flow in a Channel: solving for slope: Eng (US) units","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"oc3 <- manningt(Q = 360., n = 0.015, m = 1, b = 20.0, y = 3.0, units = \"Eng\") cat(sprintf(\"Slope: %.5f ft\\nCritical depth: %.2f\\n\", oc3$Sf, oc3$yc)) #> Slope: 0.00088 ft #> Critical depth: 2.08"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-a-specific-energy-diagram-for-the-channel-of-last-example","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot a specific energy diagram for the channel of last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"","code":"spec_energy_trap( Q = oc3$Q, b = oc3$b, m = oc3$m, scale = 4, units = \"Eng\" )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/index.html","id":"plot-the-cross-section-for-the-last-example-1","dir":"","previous_headings":"","what":"Plot the cross section for the last example","title":"Basic Pipe and Open Channel Hydraulics","text":"functions related pump characteristic curves operating point determination, pipe network solutions, refer hydraulics vignette.","code":"xc_trap( y = oc3$y, b = oc3$b, m = oc3$m, units = \"Eng\" ) #> Warning in ggplot2::geom_segment(data = seg1, ggplot2::aes(x = 0, xend = -0.1 * : All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Did you mean to use `annotate()`? #> Warning in ggplot2::geom_segment(data = seg1, ggplot2::aes(x = B, xend = B + : All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Did you mean to use `annotate()`?"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"Tabulates tibble properties standard atmosphere: temperature, density, pressure.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"","code":"atmos_table(units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"), ret_units = TRUE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default TRUE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmos_table.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Tabulates into a tibble some properties of the standard atmosphere: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmos_table","text":"","code":"atmos_table(units = 'SI') #> # A tibble: 16 × 4 #>    Altitude   Temp Pressure  Density #>         [m]    [C]     [Pa] [kg/m^3] #>  1        0  15     101325     1.23  #>  2     1000   8.50   89876.    1.11  #>  3     2000   2.00   79501.    1.01  #>  4     3000  -4.49   70121.    0.909 #>  5     4000 -11.0    61660.    0.819 #>  6     5000 -17.5    54048.    0.736 #>  7     6000 -24.0    47218.    0.660 #>  8     7000 -30.5    41105.    0.590 #>  9     8000 -36.9    35652.    0.526 #> 10     9000 -43.4    30801.    0.467 #> 11    10000 -49.9    26500.    0.414 #> 12    11000 -56.4    22700.    0.365 #> 13    12000 -62.9    19355.    0.321 #> 14    13000 -69.3    16421.    0.281 #> 15    14000 -75.8    13859.    0.245 #> 16    15000 -82.3    11632.    0.212"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"Functions calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, pressure.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"","code":"atmtemp(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  atmpres(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  atmdens(alt = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"alt altitude (mean sea level). excluded, sea level assumed [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"temperature air standard atmosphere   atmtemp function [\\(^{\\circ}C\\) \\(^{\\circ}F\\)] absolute pressure air standard atmosphere   atmpres function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)] density air standard atmosphere   atmdens function [\\({kg}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({slug}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/atmosprops.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Functions to calculate ICAO standard atmospheric properties: temperature, density, and pressure. — atmosprops","text":"","code":"#Find standard atmospheric temperature at altitude 8000 m atmtemp(alt = 8000, units = 'SI') #> [1] -36.93477  #Find standard atmospheric pressure assuming default altitude of zero (sea-level) atmpres(units = 'Eng', ret_units = TRUE) #>  #> Altitude not given. #> Assuming alt = 0 ft #> 2116.216 [lbf/ft^2]  #Find standard atmospheric density at altitude 15000 ft  atmdens(alt = 15000, units = 'Eng') #> [1] 0.00149495"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"function calculates Darcy-Weisbach friction factor provided package use water circular pipes equation technically valid liquid channel. many parts package, techniques formatting drawn Irucka Embry's iemisc package, includes methods similar functionality. Two utility functions included velocity Reynolds Number.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"","code":"velocity(D = NULL, Q = NULL)  reynolds_number(V = NULL, D = NULL, nu = NULL)  colebrook(ks, V, D, nu)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"D numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] D >=0.0025 m (0.0082 ft). Q (velocity function ) numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] V numeric vector contains average Velocity flow pipe, equal flow divided area, \\(\\frac{Q}{}\\) [\\(m\\,s^{-1}\\) \\(ft\\,s^{-1}\\)] nu numeric vector contains kinematic viscosity water, [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. Computed utility function water_properties.R: kvisc(T=T, units=['SI' 'Eng']) ks numeric vector contains 'equivalent sand roughness height sand roughness height. Units consistent input [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"f Returns numeric vector containing Darcy-Weisbach friction   factor","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"Colebrook-White equation developed estimate Darcy-Weisbach friction factor commercial pipes turbulent flow conditions. recommended pipe diameters greater 2.5 mm (0.1 inch).  equation : $$\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{f}} = -2\\log\\left(\\frac{\\frac{ks}{D}}{3.7} + \\frac{2.51}{Re\\sqrt{f}}\\right)$$ \\(Re = \\frac{VD}{nu}\\) unitless Reynolds Number.","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/colebrook.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Calculates the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor f — colebrook","text":"","code":"# A Type 1 problem (solve for hf): US units D <- 20/12   #diameter of 20 inches Q <- 4       #flow in ft^3/s T <- 60      #water temperature in F ks <- 0.0005 #pipe roughness in ft  f <- colebrook(ks=ks,V=velocity(D,Q), D=D, nu=kvisc(T=T, units=\"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"function solves Darcy-Weisbach friction loss equation water circular pipes. function solves either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D),roughness height, (ks) whichever missing (included argument).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"","code":"darcyweisbach(   Q = NULL,   D = NULL,   hf = NULL,   L = NULL,   ks = NULL,   nu = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] D numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] hf numeric vector contains head loss pipe section [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] L numeric vector contains pipe length [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)], ks numeric vector contains equivalent sand roughness height. Units consistent input [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] nu numeric vector contains kinematic viscosity water, [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Returns list including missing parameter (hf, Q, D, ks): Q - flow rate. V - flow velocity. L - pipe length. hf - head loss due friction f - Darcy-Weisbach friction factor ks - roughness height Re - Reynolds number","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"Darcy-Weisbach equation developed estimate head loss, \\(h_f\\), due friction length pipe. circular pipes expressed : $$h_f = \\frac{fL}{D}\\frac{V^2}{2g} = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}Q^{2}$$ \\(f\\) friction factor (calculated colebrook function \\(g\\) gravitational acceleration (\\(9.81\\frac{m}{s^2}\\) \\(32.2\\frac{ft}{s^2}\\)).","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/darcyweisbach.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for the either head loss (hf), flow rate (Q), diameter (D), or roughness height (ks). — darcyweisbach","text":"","code":"#Type 2 (solving for flow rate, Q): SI Units D <- .5 L <- 10 hf <- 0.006*L T <- 20 ks <- 0.000046 darcyweisbach(D = D, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='SI'), units = c('SI')) #> Q missing: solving a Type 2 problem #> $Q #> [1] 0.4059048 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.067256 #>  #> $L #> [1] 10 #>  #> $D #> [1] 0.5 #>  #> $hf #> [1] 0.06 #>  #> $f #> [1] 0.01330553 #>  #> $ks #> [1] 4.6e-05 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 1010337 #>   #Type 3 (solving for diameter, D): Eng (US) units Q <- 37.5     #flow in ft^3/s L <- 8000     #pipe length in ft hf <- 215     #head loss due to friction, in ft T <- 68       #water temperature, F ks <- 0.0008  #pipe roughness, ft darcyweisbach(Q = Q, hf = hf, L = L, ks = ks, nu = kvisc(T=T, units='Eng'), units = c('Eng')) #> D missing: solving a Type 3 problem #> $Q #> [1] 37.5 #>  #> $V #> [1] 13.964 #>  #> $L #> [1] 8000 #>  #> $D #> [1] 1.849123 #>  #> $hf #> [1] 215 #>  #> $f #> [1] 0.01642589 #>  #> $ks #> [1] 8e-04 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 2336974 #>"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"function applies direct step method gradually-varying water surface profile flow open channel trapezoidal shape.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"","code":"direct_step(   So = NULL,   n = NULL,   Q = NULL,   y1 = NULL,   y2 = NULL,   b = NULL,   m = NULL,   nsteps = 1,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"numeric channel bed slope [unitless] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] y1 numeric vector contains initial water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y2 numeric vector contains final water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] nsteps integer number calculation steps y1 y2 [unitless] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"Returns data frame (tibble) columns: x - cumulative distance position y1 z - elevation channel bed location x y - depth water location x - cross-sectional area location x Sf - slope energy grade line location x E - specific energy location x Fr - Froude number location x","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"direct step method applies energy equation gradually-varied open channel flow conditions, assuming increment approximately uniform. function works trapezoidal channel shape. water depths two locations input channel geometry flow rate, distance two locations, \\({\\Delta}X\\), calculated: $${\\Delta}X = \\frac{E_1 - E_2}{S_f-S_o}$$ \\(E_1\\)  \\(E_2\\) specific energy values locations \\(y_1\\)  \\(y_2\\),  \\(S_f\\) slope energy grade line, \\(S_o\\) slope channel bed.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/direct_step.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Uses the direct step method to find the distance between two known depths in a trapezoidal channel — direct_step","text":"","code":"#Solving for profile between depths 3.1 ft and 3.4 ft in a rectangular channel #Flow of 140 ft^3/s, bottom width = 6 ft: direct_step(So=0.0015, n=0.013, Q=140, y1=3.1, y2=3.4, b=6, m=0, nsteps=2, units=\"Eng\") #> y1=3.100, y2=3.400, yn=3.750, yc=2.566646 #> Profile type  = M2 #> # A tibble: 3 × 7 #>        x     z     y     A      Sf     E    Fr #>    <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> #> 1    0   0      3.1   18.6 0.00247  3.98 0.753 #> 2  -85.6 0.128  3.25  19.5 0.00218  4.05 0.702 #> 3 -230.  0.346  3.4   20.4 0.00194  4.13 0.656"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"function uses Hardy-Cross method iteratively solve equations conservation mass energy water pipe network. input consists data frame pipe characteristics lists pipes loop (listed clockwise direction) initial guesses flows pipe (positive flows clockwise direction).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"","code":"hardycross(   dfpipes = dfpipes,   loops = loops,   Qs = Qs,   n_iter = 1,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"dfpipes data frame pipe data. Format described , must contain column named _ID_. loops integer list defining pipes loop network. Qs numeric list initial flows pipe loop [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n_iter integer identifying number iterations perform. units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned pipe flows class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"Returns list two data frames: dfloops - final flow magnitude direction (clockwise positive) loop pipe dfpipes - input pipe data frame, additional columns including final Q","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"input data frame pipe data must contain pipe ID column pipe numbers used loops input list. three options input column pipe roughness data frame: case absolute pipe roughness, \\(ks\\) (m ft), input,   input pipe data frame must also include columns length, \\(L\\)   diameter, \\(D\\), (m ft) \\(K\\) can calculated. case,   new \\(f\\) \\(K\\) calculated iteration, final values   included output. input \\(K\\) \\(f\\) columns provided, values   \\(ks\\) ignored. input \\(K\\) column provided, \\(ks\\) \\(f\\)   ignored. Colebrook equation used determine \\(f\\), water   temperature \\(20^{o}C\\) \\(68^{o}F\\) used. number iterations perform may specified n_iter input   value, execution stops average flow adjustment becomes smaller   1 percent average flow pipes. Darcy-Weisbach equation used estimate head loss pipe segment, expressed condensed form \\(h_f = KQ^{2}\\) : $$K = \\frac{8fL}{\\pi^{2}gD^{5}}$$ needed, friction factor \\(f\\) calculated using Colebrook equation. flow adjustment loop calculated iteration : $$\\Delta{Q_i} = -\\frac{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} K_{ij}Q_j|Q_j|}{\\sum_{j=1}^{p_i} 2K_{ij}Q_j^2}$$ \\(\\) loop number, \\(j\\) pipe number, \\(p_i\\) number pipes loop \\(\\) \\(\\Delta{Q_i}\\) flow adjustment applied pipe loop \\(\\) next iteration.","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/hardycross.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Applies the Hardy-Cross method to solve for pipe flows in a network. — hardycross","text":"","code":"#              A----------B --> 0.5m^3/s #              |\\   (4)   | #              | \\        | #              |  \\       | #              |   \\(2)   | #              |    \\     |(5) #              |(1)  \\    | #              |      \\   | #              |       \\  | #              |        \\ | #              |   (3)   \\| # 0.5m^3/s --> C----------D  #Input pipe characteristics data frame. With K given other columns not needed dfpipes <- data.frame( ID = c(1,2,3,4,5),                     #pipe ID K = c(200,2500,500,800,300)            #resistance used in hf=KQ^2 ) loops <- list(c(1,2,3),c(2,4,5)) Qs <- list(c(0.3,0.1,-0.2),c(-0.1,0.2,-0.3)) hardycross(dfpipes = dfpipes, loops = loops, Qs = Qs, n_iter = 1, units = \"SI\") #> Using fixed K values #> Iteration: 1, Loop: 1, dQ: -0.02805 #> Iteration: 1, Loop: 2, dQ: 0.02000 #> $dfloops #>   loop pipe        flow #> 1    1    1  0.27195122 #> 2    1    2  0.05195122 #> 3    1    3 -0.22804878 #> 4    2    2 -0.05195122 #> 5    2    4  0.22000000 #> 6    2    5 -0.28000000 #>  #> $dfpipes #>   ID    K           Q #> 1  1  200  0.27195122 #> 2  2 2500  0.05195122 #> 3  3  500 -0.22804878 #> 4  4  800  0.22000000 #> 5  5  300 -0.28000000 #>"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"function solves Manning equation water flow circular pipe less full. Uniform flow conditions assumed, pipe slope equal slope water surface energy grade line. modification code prepared Irucka Embry iemisc package. iemisc::manningcirc function adapted limited cases commonly used classroom exercises, additional checks included ensure pipe flowing less full, cross-section figure also available. iemisc::manningcirc iemisc::manningcircy functions combined single function. Manning n supplied assumed full pipe flow; optional argument may supplied account n varying depth.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"","code":"manningc(   Q = NULL,   n = NULL,   Sf = NULL,   y = NULL,   d = NULL,   y_d = NULL,   n_var = FALSE,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient (full flow fixed). Sf numeric vector contains slope pipe [unitless] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] d numeric vector contains pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y_d numeric vector contains ratio depth diameter [unitless] n_var set TRUE value n full flow adjusted depth. [Default FALSE] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package] ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Returns list including missing parameter: Q - flow rate V - flow velocity - cross-sectional area flow P - wetted perimeter R - hydraulic radius (/P) y - flow depth d - pipe diameter Sf - slope n - Manning's roughness (full flow, adjusted n_var TRUE) yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number Re - Reynolds number Qf - Full pipe flow rate","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"possible applications function solving Manning equation circular pipes : Manning equation (also known Strickler equation) describes flow conditions open channel uniform flow conditions. often expressed : $$Q = \\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): $$\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1$$ \\(B\\) top width water surface. Since B equals zero full pipe, critical depth set pipe diameter \\(d\\) flow \\(Q\\) exceeds value produce critical flow \\(\\frac{y}{d}=0.99\\).","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningc.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for gravity flow in a circular pipe — manningc","text":"","code":"#Solving for flow rate, Q: SI Units manningc(d = 0.6, n = 0.013, Sf = 1./400., y = 0.24, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.1034572 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.9795864 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.1056131 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.821663 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.1285358 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.24 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.6 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.0025 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.2049712 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.7380179 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 123074.7 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.3070058 #>  #returns 0.1 m3/s  #Solving for Sf, if d=600 mm and pipe is to flow half full manningc(d = 0.6, Q = 0.17, n = 0.013, y = 0.3, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.17 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.202504 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.1413717 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.9424778 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.15 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.3 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.6 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.00306623 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.2653927 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.7910804 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 176311.2 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.34 #>  #returns required slope of 0.003  #Solving for diameter, d when given y_d): Eng (US) units manningc(Q = 83.5, n = 0.015, Sf = 0.0002, y_d = 0.9, units = \"Eng\") #> $Q #> [1] 83.5 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.287699 #>  #> $A #> [1] 36.49955 #>  #> $P #> [1] 17.49094 #>  #> $R #> [1] 2.086769 #>  #> $y #> [1] 6.301548 #>  #> $d #> [1] 7.00172 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 2e-04 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.015 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 2.338705 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.1367745 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 433166.9 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 78.34463 #>  #returns 7.0 ft required diameter  #Solving for depth, y when given Q: SI units manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, units=\"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.01 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.3760535 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.02659196 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.4374827 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.06078403 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.1578279 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.001 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.08454977 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2974619 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 22342.98 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.01037178 #>  #returns depth  y = 0.158 m, critical depth, yc = 0.085 m  #Solving for depth, y when given Q: SI units, and n variable with depth manningc(Q=0.01, n=0.013, Sf=0.001, d = 0.2, n_var = TRUE, units=\"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 0.01 #>  #> $V #> [1] 0.3438694 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.02908081 #>  #> $P #> [1] 0.4822183 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.06030631 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.174484 #>  #> $d #> [1] 0.2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.001 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.01414214 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.08454977 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2352268 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 20270.21 #>  #> $Qf #> [1] 0.01037178 #>  #returns depth  y = 0.174 m, critical depth, yc = 0.085 m"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"function solves Manning equation water flow open channel trapezoidal shape.  Uniform flow conditions assumed, channel slope equal slope water surface energy grade line. modification code prepared Irucka Embry iemisc package. Specifically iemisc::manningtrap, iemisc::manningrect, iemisc::manningtri combined adapted cases commonly used classroom exercises. auxiliary variables iemisc code included (shear stress, specific energy), can calculated separately. cross-section figure also available.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"","code":"manningt(   Q = NULL,   n = NULL,   m = NULL,   Sf = NULL,   y = NULL,   b = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] n numeric vector contains Manning roughness coefficient m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] Sf numeric vector contains slope channel [unitless] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Returns list including missing parameter: Q - flow rate V - flow velocity - cross-sectional area flow P - wetted perimeter R - hydraulic radius y - flow depth (normal depth) b - channel bottom width m - channel side slope Sf - slope B - top width water surface n - Manning's roughness yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number Re - Reynolds number bopt - optimal bottom width (returned solving b) yopt - optimal water depth (returned solving y)","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Manning equation characterizes open channel flow conditions uniform flow conditions: $$Q = \\frac{C}{n}{R}^{\\frac{2}{3}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. Using geometric relationships hydraulic radius cross-sectional area trapezoid, takes form: $$Q=\\frac{C}{n}{\\frac{\\left(+^2\\right)^{\\frac{5}{3}}}{\\left(b+2y\\sqrt{1+m^2}\\right)^\\frac{2}{3}}}{S_f}^{\\frac{1}{2}}$$ Critical depth defined relation (critical conditions): $$\\frac{Q^{2}B}{g\\,^{3}}=1$$ \\(B\\) top width water surface. given Q, m, n, Sf, hydraulically efficient channel found maximizing R, can done setting Manning equation \\(\\frac{\\partial R}{\\partial y}=0\\). produces: $$y_{opt} = 2^{\\frac{1}{4}}\\left(\\frac{Qn}{C\\left(2\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)S_f^{\\frac{1}{2}}}\\right)^{\\frac{3}{8}}$$ $$b_{opt} = 2y_{opt}\\left(\\sqrt{1+m^2}-m\\right)$$","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"Ed Maurer, Irucka Embry","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/manningt.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Manning Equation for water flow in an open channel — manningt","text":"","code":"#Solving for flow rate, Q, trapezoidal channel: SI Units manningt(n = 0.013, m = 2, Sf = 0.0005, y = 1.83, b = 3, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 22.19996 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.82149 #>  #> $A #> [1] 12.1878 #>  #> $P #> [1] 11.18401 #>  #> $R #> [1] 1.089752 #>  #> $y #> [1] 1.83 #>  #> $b #> [1] 3 #>  #> $m #> [1] 2 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 5e-04 #>  #> $B #> [1] 10.32 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.013 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 1.322952 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.535234 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 1940245 #>  #returns Q=22.2 m3/s  #Solving for roughness, n, rectangular channel: Eng units manningt(Q = 14.56, m = 0, Sf = 0.0004, y = 2.0, b = 4, units = \"Eng\") #> $Q #> [1] 14.56 #>  #> $V #> [1] 1.82 #>  #> $A #> [1] 8 #>  #> $P #> [1] 8 #>  #> $R #> [1] 1 #>  #> $y #> [1] 2 #>  #> $b #> [1] 4 #>  #> $m #> [1] 0 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 4e-04 #>  #> $B #> [1] 4 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.01629942 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.7437873 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 0.2267924 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 165140.4 #>  #returns Manning n of 0.016  #Solving for depth, y, triangular channel: SI units manningt(Q = 1.0, n = 0.011, m = 1, Sf = 0.0065, b = 0, units = \"SI\") #> $Q #> [1] 1 #>  #> $V #> [1] 2.648641 #>  #> $A #> [1] 0.3775521 #>  #> $P #> [1] 1.737935 #>  #> $R #> [1] 0.2172418 #>  #> $y #> [1] 0.6144527 #>  #> $b #> [1] 0 #>  #> $m #> [1] 1 #>  #> $Sf #> [1] 0.0065 #>  #> $B #> [1] 1.228905 #>  #> $n #> [1] 0.011 #>  #> $yc #> [1] 0.7276052 #>  #> $Fr #> [1] 1.525926 #>  #> $Re #> [1] 562430.1 #>  #> $yopt #> [1] 0.4493444 #>  #returns 0.6 m normal flow depth"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"function plots standard Moody diagram, allows additional points added including arguments Re f.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"","code":"moody(Re = NULL, f = NULL)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Re (optional) numeric vector contains Reynolds numbers points manually added f (optional) numeric vector (length Re) contains Darcy-Weisbach friction factors corresponding points manually added","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Moody diagram, optional added (Re, f) points","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/moody.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a Moody diagram with optional manually added points — moody","text":"","code":"# Draw canonical Moody diagram moody()  # Draw Moody diagram plotting two additional points Re = c(10000, 100000) f = c(0.04, 0.03) moody( Re = Re, f = f )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Uses input pump system curves find operating point pump create plot.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"","code":"operpoint(pcurve = NULL, scurve = NULL)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"pcurve pumpcurve object scurve systemcurve object","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Returns list including: Qop - flow operating point [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] hop - head operating point [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] p - plot object curves","code":""},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/operpoint.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Uses input pump and system curves to find the operating point for a pump and create a plot. — operpoint","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Fits polynomial curve three points pump characteristic curve. allows solving operating point pump piping system. portion based https://github.com/PhDMeiwp/basicTrendline/blob/master/R/trendline.R","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"","code":"pumpcurve(Q = NULL, h = NULL, eq = \"poly1\", units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Q Numeric vector flow rates selected points pump curve [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] h Numeric vector heads selected points pump curve [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] eq Character vector identifying equation fit (see details) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Returns object class pumpcurve consisting list including: curve - function defining curve fit data eqn - character vector equation curve r2 - coefficient determination curve fit, \\(R^2\\) p - plot object fit curve units - units system passed function","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"form equation fit input points may one following, determined eq input parameter. \\(h_{shutoff}\\) head pump curve associated \\(Q=0\\). shutoff head \\(Q=0\\) included input vectors poly3 equation form used.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/pumpcurve.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Fits a polynomial curve to three or more points from a pump characteristic curve to be used in solving for an operating point of the pump in a piping system. — pumpcurve","text":"","code":"#Input in Eng units - use \\code{units} package for easy unit conversion qgpm <- units::set_units(c(0, 5000, 7850), gallons/minute) qcfs <- units::set_units(qgpm, ft^3/s) hft <- c(81, 60, 20) #units are already in ft so setting units is optional pumpcurve(Q = qcfs, h = hft, eq = \"poly2\", units = \"Eng\") #> $curve #> function (x)  #> coef(hqfit)[1] + x^2 * coef(hqfit)[2] #> <bytecode: 0x557678933158> #> <environment: 0x5576788d5898> #>  #> $eqn #> [1] \"h == 82.5 - 0.201*Q^2\" #>  #> $r2 #> [1] 0.995 #>  #> $p  #>  #> $units #> [1] \"Eng\" #>  #> attr(,\"class\") #> [1] \"pumpcurve\""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"function solves Momentum equation water flow open channel trapezoidal shape determines sequent (conjugate) depth. flow depth either upstream downstream hydraulic jump, whichever provided input.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"","code":"sequent_depth(   Q = NULL,   b = NULL,   y = NULL,   m = NULL,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"),   ret_units = FALSE )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Q numeric vector contains flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] b numeric vector contains channel bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] y numeric vector contains water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m numeric vector contains side slope channel (m:1 H:V) [unitless] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package. ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Returns list including: y - input depth y_seq - sequent depth yc - critical depth Fr - Froude number input depth Fr_seq - Froude number sequent depth E - specific energy input depth E_seq - specific energy sequent depth","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Momentum equation open channel flow conditions trapezoidal channel: $$M = \\frac{^2}{2}+\\frac{^3}{3}+\\frac{Q^2}{gy\\left(b+\\right)}$$ \\(C\\) 1.0 SI units 1.49 Eng (U.S. Customary) units. momentum function assumed sides hydraulic jump, allowing determination sequent depth.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/sequent_depth.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Solves the Momentum Equation for sequent (or conjugate) depth in a trapezoidal channel — sequent_depth","text":"","code":"#Solving for sequent depth: SI Units #Flow of 0.2 m^3/s, bottom width = 0.5 m, Depth = 0.1 m, side slope = 1:1 sequent_depth(Q=0.2,b=0.5,y=0.1,m=1,units = \"SI\", ret_units = TRUE) #> Mixed units: 1 (2), m (5)  #> 0.1 [m], 0.3941009 [m], 0.217704 [m], 3.635731 [1], 0.3465538 [1], 0.666509 [m], 0.4105265 [m]"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"function plots specific energy diagram trapezoidal (including rectangular triangular) channel, annotation critical depth minimum specific energy.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"","code":"spec_energy_trap(   Q = NULL,   b = NULL,   m = NULL,   y = NULL,   scale = 3,   units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\") )"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Q flow rate [\\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\)] b bottom width [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m side slope (H:1) [unitless] y depth(s) flow (numeric vector length <= 2) [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] (optional) scale multiplier (yc) axis scales (default 3) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"specific energy diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"details","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Details","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Specific Energy, E, energy, expressed head (.e., mechanical energy per unit weight water, units length) relative channel bottom. calculated : $$E = y+\\alpha\\frac{Q^{2}}{2g\\,^{2}} = y+\\alpha\\frac{V^{2}}{2g}$$ \\(y\\) flow depth, \\(\\) cross-sectional flow area, \\({V}=\\frac{Q}{}\\), \\(\\alpha\\) kinetic energy correction factor account non-uniform velocities across cross-section;  \\(\\alpha=1.0\\) function (commonly assumed).","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/spec_energy_trap.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a specific energy diagram for a trapezoidal channel — spec_energy_trap","text":"","code":"# Draw a specific energy diagram for a cross-section with flow 1, width 2, side slope 3:1 (H:V) spec_energy_trap(Q = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, scale = 4, units = \"SI\")   # Draw the same specific energy diagram adding lines for depths, y = 0.5 and 0.8 m spec_energy_trap(Q = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, scale = 4, y = c(0.5, 0.8), units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Creates system curve piping system using static head coefficient.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"","code":"systemcurve(hs = NULL, K = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"hs Numeric value static head [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] K Numeric value coefficient equation \\(h = hs + {K}{Q}^2\\) Q units \\(m^3 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^3 s^{-1}\\) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Returns object class systemcurve consisting list including: curve - function defining system curve eqn - character vector equation curve units - units system passed function","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/systemcurve.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a system curve for a piping system using the static head and a coefficient. — systemcurve","text":"","code":"#Input in Eng units. Coefficient can be calculated manually or using  #other package functions for friction loss in a pipe system using \\eqn{Q=1} ans <- darcyweisbach(Q = 1,D = 20/12, L = 3884, ks = 0.0005, nu = 1.23e-5, units = \"Eng\") #> hf missing: solving a Type 1 problem systemcurve(hs = 30, K = ans$hf, units = \"Eng\") #> $curve #> function (x)  #> hs + x^2 * K #> <bytecode: 0x55767a059e18> #> <environment: 0x55767a0598d8> #>  #> $eqn #> [1] \"h == 30 + 0.16*Q^2\" #>  #> $units #> [1] \"Eng\" #>  #> attr(,\"class\") #> [1] \"systemcurve\""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"Tabulates tibble basic water properties: density, dynamic kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, bulk modulus.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"","code":"water_table(units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"), ret_units = TRUE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default TRUE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/water_table.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Tabulates into a tibble the basic water properties: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — water_table","text":"","code":"water_table(units = 'SI') #> # A tibble: 21 × 8 #>    Temp  Density Spec_Weight Viscosity  Kinem_Visc Sat_VP Surf_Tens   Bulk_Mod #>     [C] [kg/m^3]     [N/m^3] [N*s/m^2]     [m^2/s]   [Pa]     [N/m]       [Pa] #>  1    0    1000.       9809.  0.00173  0.00000173    611.    0.0757 2020000000 #>  2    5    1000.       9810.  0.00150  0.00000150    873.    0.0749 2060000000 #>  3   10    1000.       9807.  0.00131  0.00000131   1228.    0.0742 2100000000 #>  4   15     999.       9801.  0.00115  0.00000115   1706.    0.0735 2140000000 #>  5   20     998.       9793.  0.00102  0.00000102   2339.    0.0727 2180000000 #>  6   25     997.       9781.  0.000911 0.000000913  3170.    0.0720 2220000000 #>  7   30     996.       9768.  0.000817 0.000000821  4247.    0.0712 2250000000 #>  8   35     994.       9752.  0.000738 0.000000742  5629.    0.0704 2265000000 #>  9   40     992.       9734.  0.000670 0.000000675  7385.    0.0696 2280000000 #> 10   45     990.       9714.  0.000611 0.000000617  9595.    0.0688 2285000000 #> # ℹ 11 more rows"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"function calculates water properties used functions.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"","code":"dvisc(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  dens(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  specwt(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  kvisc(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  svp(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  surf_tension(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)  Ev(T = NULL, units = NULL, ret_units = FALSE)"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"T water temperature [\\(^{\\circ}C\\) \\(^{\\circ}F\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units. used compatibility iemisc package ret_units set TRUE value(s) returned class units units attached value. [Default FALSE]","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"rho, density water   dens function [\\({kg}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({slug}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)] spwt, specific weight water   specwt function [\\({N}\\,{m^{-3}}\\) \\({lbf}\\,{ft^{-3}}\\)] mu, dynamic viscosity water   dvisc function [\\({N}\\,{s}\\,{m^{-2}}\\) \\({lbf}\\,{s}\\,{ft^{-2}}\\)] nu, kinematic viscosity water   kvisc function [\\(m^2 s^{-1}\\) \\(ft^2 s^{-1}\\)]. svp, saturation vapor pressure water   svp function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)]. surf_tension, surface tension water   surf_tension function [\\(N m^{-1}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-1}\\)]. Ev, bulk modulus elasticity water   Ev function [\\(N m^{-2}\\) \\(lbf ft^{-2}\\)].","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/waterprops.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Functions to calculate water properties: density, specific weight, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, saturation vapor pressure, surface tension, and bulk modulus. — waterprops","text":"","code":"#Find kinematic viscocity for water temperature of 55 F nu = kvisc(T = 55, units = 'Eng')  #Find kinematic viscocity assuming default water temperature of 68 F nu = kvisc(units = 'Eng') #>  #> Temperature not given. #> Assuming T = 68 F  #Find water density for water temperature of 25 C rho = dens(T = 25, units = 'SI')  #Find saturation vapor pressure for water temperature of 10 C vps = svp(T = 10, units = 'SI')  #Find surface tension for water temperature of 10 C s_tens = surf_tension(T = 10, units = 'SI')"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"function plots cross-section circular pipe, shaded filled level indicated depth diameter values passed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"","code":"xc_circle(y = NULL, d = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"y water depth [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] d pipe diameter [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"cross-section diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_circle.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for a partially filled pipe — xc_circle","text":"","code":"# Draw a cross-section with diameter 1.0 and depth 0.7 xc_circle(y = 0.7, d = 1.0, units = \"SI\")"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":null,"dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"function plots cross-section  (trapezoid, rectangle, triangle), shaded filled level indicated values passed .","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"ref-usage","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Usage","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"","code":"xc_trap(y = NULL, b = NULL, m = NULL, units = c(\"SI\", \"Eng\"))"},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"arguments","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Arguments","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"y water depth  [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] b bottom width  [\\(m\\) \\(ft\\)] m side slope (H:1) units character vector contains system units [options SI International System Units Eng English (US customary) units.","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"value","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Value","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"cross-section diagram","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"author","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Author","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"Ed Maurer","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/reference/xc_trap.html","id":"ref-examples","dir":"Reference","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"Creates a cross-section plot for an open channel — xc_trap","text":"","code":"# Draw a cross-section with depth 1, width 2, side slope 3:1 (H:V) xc_trap(y = 1.0, b = 2.0, m = 3.0, units = \"SI\") #> Warning: All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Please consider using `annotate()` or provide this layer with data containing #>   a single row. #> Warning: All aesthetics have length 1, but the data has 2 rows. #> ℹ Please consider using `annotate()` or provide this layer with data containing #>   a single row."},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-071","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.7.1","title":"hydraulics 0.7.1","text":"Update vignette avoid deprecated formatdown functions Correct pump system equation typo","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-070","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.7.0","title":"hydraulics 0.7.0","text":"CRAN release: 2024-03-06 Update vignette DESCRIPTION replace package docxtools formatdown Add option manningc allow n vary depth Modify spec_energy_trap plotting function include one added depth line Update vignette include new capabilities","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-061","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.6.1","title":"hydraulics 0.6.1","text":"CRAN release: 2022-12-06 Modifications R 4.2 change warning error () statements condition length greater one","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-060","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.6.0","title":"hydraulics 0.6.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-11-09 Corrected erroneous unit conversion atmtemp function Update variable consistency pump hardy-cross equations (r K) Added function use direct step method water profile calculation Added function find sequent depth hydraulic jump","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-050","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.5.0","title":"hydraulics 0.5.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-10-11 Added functions specific weight, atmospheric properties, summary tables Corrected dens function incorrectly returned specific weight Eng units Updated vignette show new functions","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-041","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.4.1","title":"hydraulics 0.4.1","text":"CRAN release: 2022-03-07 Added functions surface tension bulk modulus elasticity Corrected typos Updated vignette","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-040","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.4.0","title":"hydraulics 0.4.0","text":"CRAN release: 2022-01-03 Added functions solve flows pipe network Hardy-Cross method Added saturated vapor pressure function water properties Updated vignette demonstrate new functions","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-030","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.3.0","title":"hydraulics 0.3.0","text":"CRAN release: 2021-05-19 Added functions fit pump characteristic curve system curve Updated vignette demonstrate new functions Improved plotting specific energy diagrams ","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-024","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.4","title":"hydraulics 0.2.4","text":"CRAN release: 2021-02-25 Improved plotting specific energy diagrams","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-023","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.3","title":"hydraulics 0.2.3","text":"CRAN release: 2020-12-13 Added capabilities calculate optimal trapezoidal channel width depth Added illustrations vignette new functions Corrected equations Colebrook formula","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-022","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.2","title":"hydraulics 0.2.2","text":"CRAN release: 2020-08-26 Added ability use units package functions Added detailed vignette demonstrate capabilities package","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-021","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.1","title":"hydraulics 0.2.1","text":"CRAN release: 2020-08-02 Expanded necessary corrected documentation functions Changed name colebrook_f colebrook alignment function name Added function calculate critical depth circular pipe","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-020-cran-commit-a3f7f8df5d","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.2.0 (CRAN commit a3f7f8df5d)","title":"hydraulics 0.2.0 (CRAN commit a3f7f8df5d)","text":"CRAN release: 2020-07-02 Added functionality solve absolute roughness presure pipe flow Added manningc function include partially filled pipe solutions Added manningt function include trapezoidal (including rectangular triangular) open-channel flow solutions Added plotting circle trapezoid cross-sections open channels Added spec_energy_trap function plot specific energy diagram trapezoidal channels","code":""},{"path":"https://edm44.github.io/hydraulics/news/index.html","id":"hydraulics-010","dir":"Changelog","previous_headings":"","what":"hydraulics 0.1.0","title":"hydraulics 0.1.0","text":"CRAN release: 2020-05-18 Initial Release","code":""}]