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Poisson Equation Solver in MATLAB

MATLAB License Open in MATLAB Online

Overview

This repository contains a MATLAB program to solve the Poisson equation on a square domain $$\Omega = [0, 1] \times [0, 1]$$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions using three iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR). The solution is visualized and verified for correctness, performance, and convergence criteria.

Problem Definition

We aim to solve the following Poisson problem:

$$\Delta u(x, y) = f(x, y), \quad 0 \leq x, y \leq 1,$$

with boundary conditions:

$$\Delta u(x, y) = f(x, y), \quad 0 \leq x, y \leq 1,$$

u(0, y) = u(1, y) = u(x, 0) = u(x, 1) = 0, \quad 0 \leq x, y \leq 1.

Discretization Approach

The discretized Laplacian operator is approximated as:

$$\Delta u \approx \frac{u_{i-1, j} + u_{i+1, j} + u_{i, j-1} + u_{i, j+1} - 4u_{i, j}}{h^2},$$

where $$h = \frac{1}{N+1}$$, $$N$$ is the grid size, and $$u_{i, j} = u(ih, jh)$$.

Features

  • Support for three iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and SOR.
  • Automatic optimization of the relaxation parameter $$\omega$$ for SOR.
  • Vectorized operations for efficient computation.
  • Sparse matrix representations to handle large grids with minimal memory usage.
  • Visual output for solution and convergence behavior.

Usage

To solve the Poisson equation with a specific method, run the provided script.m or use the following code structure:

N = 29; % Grid size
omega_guess = []; % Initial guess for omega (used in SOR)
tol = 1e-13; % Convergence tolerance

% Define source term f
f = zeros(N, N);
h = 1 / (N + 1);
f(round(3/4 * N), round(1/3 * N)) = 1 / h^2; % Example point source

% Solve using the desired method
[u, omega, rho, A] = solve_poisson(f, 'Method', 'SOR', 'Omega', omega_guess, 'Tolerance', tol);

Implementation Details

Functions Included

  • solve_poisson.m: Main function to solve the Poisson equation.
  • build_matrix.m: Constructs the sparse coefficient matrix $$A$$ for the Poisson equation.
  • jacobi.m: Implements the Jacobi iterative method.
  • gauss_seidel.m: Implements the Gauss-Seidel iterative method.
  • sor.m: Implements the Successive Over-Relaxation method.
  • spectral_radius.m: Calculates the spectral radius of a matrix to check convergence.
  • TEST.m: Script to run tests and validate the implementation and convergence of the iterative methods.

Visualizations

The script generates visual outputs, including:

  • The solution matrix $$u$$ as a 2D plot.
  • Quiver plots to show the gradient field.
  • Reordered sparse matrix visualizations (Cuthill-McKee and AMD).

Examples

Jacobi Method (Grid Size 29)

Jacobi Method

SOR Method with Optimal $$\omega$$ (Grid Size 29)

SOR Method

Applications

This project demonstrates proficiency in:

  • Numerical methods for partial differential equations.
  • Efficient use of MATLAB for scientific computing.
  • Sparse matrix handling for large-scale problems.

Potential for Future Work

The project can be expanded to include:

  • Adaptive grid refinements.
  • Non-uniform source terms and more complex boundary conditions.
  • Performance analysis and comparisons of iterative methods.

About

Author: Joel Amir Dario Maldonado Tänori
Date: October 2024
Contact: Email

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for more details.

Connect With Me

I am passionate about numerical methods, algorithm development, and applied mathematics. If you're interested in collaborating or have questions, please reach out or check out my other projects.