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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-beta.38">
<style>
:root {
--c-bg: #fff;
}
html.dark {
--c-bg: #22272e;
}
html, body {
background-color: var(--c-bg);
}
</style>
<script>
const userMode = localStorage.getItem('vuepress-color-scheme');
const systemDarkMode = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches;
if (userMode === 'dark' || (userMode !== 'light' && systemDarkMode)) {
document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', true);
}
</script>
<title>Flight | Clover</title><meta name="description" content="Clover Drone Kit">
<link rel="modulepreload" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/app.4f6a4bec.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/flight.html.fb821817.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/flight.html.0d5471e2.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/controller_arm.517ba250.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/final_4.e5022057.js">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/clover-vuepress/assets/style.7a1025bf.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"><!--[--><div class="theme-container"><!--[--><header ref_key="navbar" class="navbar"><div class="toggle-sidebar-button" title="true" aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div><span><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/" class=""><img class="logo" src="/clover-vuepress/clover-logo.png" alt="Clover"><span class="site-name can-hide">Clover</span></a></span><div class="navbar-items-wrapper" style=""><!--[--><!--]--><nav class="navbar-items can-hide"><!--[--><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://coex.tech" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Official Site"><!--[--><!--]--> Official Site <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://t.me/COEXHelpdesk" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Support Chat"><!--[--><!--]--> Support Chat <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 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aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="arrow down"></span></button><button class="navbar-dropdown-title-mobile" type="button" aria-label="Select language"><span class="title">Languages</span><span class="right arrow"></span></button><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="navbar-dropdown"><!--[--><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="English"><!--[--><!--]--> English <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/clover-vuepress/ru/flight.html" class="" aria-label="Русский"><!--[--><!--]--> Русский <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><div class="navbar-item"><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/CopterExpress/clover" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="GitHub"><!--[--><!--]--> GitHub <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading" aria-label="COEX Clover"><!--[--><!--]--> COEX Clover <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/glossary.html" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading" aria-label="Glossary"><!--[--><!--]--> Glossary <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/safety.html" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading" aria-label="Safety tips"><!--[--><!--]--> Safety tips <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Assembly <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assembly.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover drone assembly"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover drone assembly <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assemble_4_2.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover 4.2 assembly"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover 4.2 assembly <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assemble_4_2_ws.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover 4 assembly"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover 4 assembly <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assemble_4.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover 4 assembly"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover 4 assembly <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assemble_3.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Assembly of Clover 3"><!--[--><!--]--> Assembly of Clover 3 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/assemble_2.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover 2 construction kit assembly instruction"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover 2 construction kit assembly instruction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Configuration <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/setup.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Initial setup"><!--[--><!--]--> Initial setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/calibration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sensor calibration"><!--[--><!--]--> Sensor calibration <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/radio.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="RC setup"><!--[--><!--]--> RC setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/rc_flysky_a8s.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Using Flysky FS-A8S"><!--[--><!--]--> Using Flysky FS-A8S <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/modes.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Flight modes"><!--[--><!--]--> Flight modes <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/power.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Power setup"><!--[--><!--]--> Power setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/failsafe.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Failsafe configuration"><!--[--><!--]--> Failsafe configuration <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active collapsible">Manual flight <span class="down arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Flight"><!--[--><!--]--> Flight <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight_exercises.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Drone control exercises"><!--[--><!--]--> Drone control exercises <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Working with Raspberry Pi <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/raspberry.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Raspberry Pi"><!--[--><!--]--> Raspberry Pi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/image.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Raspberry Pi image"><!--[--><!--]--> Raspberry Pi image <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/wifi.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Connecting to Clover via Wi-Fi"><!--[--><!--]--> Connecting to Clover via Wi-Fi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/connection.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Connecting Raspberry Pi to the flight controller"><!--[--><!--]--> Connecting Raspberry Pi to the flight controller <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/gcs_bridge.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Using QGroundControl via Wi-Fi"><!--[--><!--]--> Using QGroundControl via Wi-Fi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/ssh.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="SSH access to Raspberry Pi"><!--[--><!--]--> SSH access to Raspberry Pi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/cli.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Command line interface"><!--[--><!--]--> Command line interface <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/selfcheck.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Automatic check"><!--[--><!--]--> Automatic check <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/web_video_server.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Viewing images from cameras"><!--[--><!--]--> Viewing images from cameras <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Programming <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/programming.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programming"><!--[--><!--]--> Programming <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/camera_setup.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Camera setup"><!--[--><!--]--> Camera setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/aruco.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="ArUco markers"><!--[--><!--]--> ArUco markers <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/aruco_marker.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="ArUco marker detection"><!--[--><!--]--> ArUco marker detection <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/aruco_map.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Map-based navigation with ArUco markers"><!--[--><!--]--> Map-based navigation with ArUco markers <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/optical_flow.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Use of Optical Flow"><!--[--><!--]--> Use of Optical Flow <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simple_offboard.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Autonomous flight"><!--[--><!--]--> Autonomous flight <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/frames.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Coordinate systems (frames)"><!--[--><!--]--> Coordinate systems (frames) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/snippets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Code examples"><!--[--><!--]--> Code examples <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/laser.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with a laser rangefinder"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with a laser rangefinder <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/leds.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with a LED strip"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with a LED strip <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/gpio.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with GPIO"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with GPIO <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/sonar.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with the ultrasonic distance gage"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with the ultrasonic distance gage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/camera.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with the camera"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with the camera <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/rviz.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Using rviz and rqt"><!--[--><!--]--> Using rviz and rqt <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/autolaunch.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Software autorun"><!--[--><!--]--> Software autorun <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/javascript.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Work with ROS from browser"><!--[--><!--]--> Work with ROS from browser <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/blocks.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Blocks programming for Clover"><!--[--><!--]--> Blocks programming for Clover <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simulation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Simulation overview"><!--[--><!--]--> Simulation overview <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simulation_native.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Native setup"><!--[--><!--]--> Native setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simulation_vm.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Simulation VM setup"><!--[--><!--]--> Simulation VM setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simulation_usage.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Using the simulator"><!--[--><!--]--> Using the simulator <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/simulation_m1.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Running simulator on M1 powered computer"><!--[--><!--]--> Running simulator on M1 powered computer <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/ros.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="ROS"><!--[--><!--]--> ROS <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/mavros.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="MAVROS"><!--[--><!--]--> MAVROS <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Supplementary materials <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/supplementary.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Supplementary materials"><!--[--><!--]--> Supplementary materials <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/coex_pix.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="COEX Pix"><!--[--><!--]--> COEX Pix <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/coex_pdb.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="COEX PDB"><!--[--><!--]--> COEX PDB <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/coex_gps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="COEX GPS"><!--[--><!--]--> COEX GPS <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/auto_setup.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Step-by-step guide on autonomous flight with Clover 4"><!--[--><!--]--> Step-by-step guide on autonomous flight with Clover 4 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/hostname.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Hostname"><!--[--><!--]--> Hostname <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/sitl.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="PX4 Simulation"><!--[--><!--]--> PX4 Simulation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/wall_aruco.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Navigation using vertical ArUco-markers"><!--[--><!--]--> Navigation using vertical ArUco-markers <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/calibratePID.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Configuring the PID coefficients"><!--[--><!--]--> Configuring the PID coefficients <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/models.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Model files for parts"><!--[--><!--]--> Model files for parts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/ros-install.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="ROS Melodic package installation and setup"><!--[--><!--]--> ROS Melodic package installation and setup <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/camera_calibration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Camera calibration"><!--[--><!--]--> Camera calibration <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/zerotire_vpn.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Creating a virtual network ZeroTier One and connecting to it"><!--[--><!--]--> Creating a virtual network ZeroTier One and connecting to it <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/4g.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Multi-copter control with 4G communication"><!--[--><!--]--> Multi-copter control with 4G communication <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/jetson_nano.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Clover and Jetson Nano"><!--[--><!--]--> Clover and Jetson Nano <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/rc.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Controlling Clover from a smartphone"><!--[--><!--]--> Controlling Clover from a smartphone <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/network.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Configuring Wi-Fi"><!--[--><!--]--> Configuring Wi-Fi <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/uart.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="UART interface"><!--[--><!--]--> UART interface <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/parameters.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="PX4 Parameters"><!--[--><!--]--> PX4 Parameters <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight_logs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="PX4 Logs and Topics"><!--[--><!--]--> PX4 Logs and Topics <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/firmware.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Pixhawk / Pixracer firmware flashing"><!--[--><!--]--> Pixhawk / Pixracer firmware flashing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/mavlink.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="MAVLink"><!--[--><!--]--> MAVLink <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/test_connection.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="How to use a multimeter?"><!--[--><!--]--> How to use a multimeter? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/radioerrors.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Possible radio failures"><!--[--><!--]--> Possible radio failures <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/esc_firmware.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Flashing ESCs using BLHeliSuite"><!--[--><!--]--> Flashing ESCs using BLHeliSuite <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/arduino.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Controlling the copter from Arduino"><!--[--><!--]--> Controlling the copter from Arduino <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/gps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Connecting GPS"><!--[--><!--]--> Connecting GPS <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/ir_sensors.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with IR sensors on Raspberry Pi 3"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with IR sensors on Raspberry Pi 3 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/fpv_clover_4_2.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installing and configuring FPV equipment"><!--[--><!--]--> Installing and configuring FPV equipment <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/fpv.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation of FPV"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation of FPV <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/magnetic_grip.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Assembling and setting up the electromagnetic gripper"><!--[--><!--]--> Assembling and setting up the electromagnetic gripper <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/mechanical_grip.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Assembling and setting up a mechanical gripper"><!--[--><!--]--> Assembling and setting up a mechanical gripper <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/trainer_mode.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="FlySky Trainer mode settings"><!--[--><!--]--> FlySky Trainer mode settings <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/tinning.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Blanching"><!--[--><!--]--> Blanching <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/connectortypes.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Types of power connectors"><!--[--><!--]--> Types of power connectors <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/4in1.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Connecting 4 in 1 ESCs"><!--[--><!--]--> Connecting 4 in 1 ESCs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/tb.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Soldering safety"><!--[--><!--]--> Soldering safety <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/leds_old.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Working with a LED strip on Raspberry 3"><!--[--><!--]--> Working with a LED strip on Raspberry 3 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/contributing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Contribution to Clover"><!--[--><!--]--> Contribution to Clover <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/packages.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="COEX packages repository"><!--[--><!--]--> COEX packages repository <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/migrate20.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migration to version 0.20"><!--[--><!--]--> Migration to version 0.20 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/migrate22.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migration to version 0.22"><!--[--><!--]--> Migration to version 0.22 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading collapsible">Events <span class="right arrow"></span></p><!--[--><ul style="display:none;" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/events.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Events"><!--[--><!--]--> Events <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/copterhack2022.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="CopterHack 2022"><!--[--><!--]--> CopterHack 2022 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/copterhack2021.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="CopterHack 2021"><!--[--><!--]--> CopterHack 2021 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/copterhack2019.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Copter Hack 2019"><!--[--><!--]--> Copter Hack 2019 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/copterhack2018.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Copter Hack 2018"><!--[--><!--]--> Copter Hack 2018 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/copterhack2017.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Copter Hack 2017"><!--[--><!--]--> Copter Hack 2017 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/video_contest.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Contest for the best educational video on assembly and configuration"><!--[--><!--]--> Contest for the best educational video on assembly and configuration <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/educational_contests.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Educational contests"><!--[--><!--]--> Educational contests <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="flight" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#flight" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Flight</h1><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>See also official PX4 flying guide: <a href="https://docs.px4.io/master/en/flying/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://docs.px4.io/master/en/flying/<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p></div><p>This section explains the basics of manual controlling the quadcopter in different modes using radio remote control (for autonomous flying see "<a href="/clover-vuepress/en/programming.html" class="">Programming</a>") section.</p><h2 id="main-features-of-radio-remote-control" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#main-features-of-radio-remote-control" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Main features of radio remote control</h2><p>Before you can launch your drone, you need to understand how the radio remote control works.</p><p>The drone is controlled using two sticks on the remote control. By default, the left stick controls throttle and yaw, and the right stick controls roll and pitch. These terms are used for all aircraft, from airplanes to quadcopters.</p><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/rc_basic_commands.5241b0a0.svg" width="400" class="zoom center"><ul><li>Throttle – is responsible for rotation speed of the motors.</li><li>Yaw – is responsible for rotation around the vertical axis (Z), clockwise (when tilted to the right) and counterclockwise (when tilted to the left).</li><li>Pitch – is responsible for tilting or moving forward / backward.</li><li>Roll – is responsible for tilting or moving left / right.</li></ul><p>These descriptions assume the aircraft is turned with its back to the pilot.</p><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/basic_movements_multicopter.ba1039af.svg" width="400" class="zoom center"><h2 id="flight-modes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#flight-modes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Flight Modes</h2><p>Manual flight using the PX4 flight controller can be performed in different flight modes. They determine the radio controller stick assignments and other flight characteristics. For the complete list of flight modes, see the article "<a href="/clover-vuepress/en/modes.html" class="">Flight modes</a>".</p><p>The main manual modes are described below.</p><p><strong>STABILIZED</strong> - horizontal angle stabilization mode. In this mode, the aircraft will hold the horizon if not controlled. Functions of sticks:</p><ul><li>Throttle – the average speed of rotation of the motors.</li><li>Yaw – angular velocity around the vertical axis.</li><li>Pitch – the angle of inclination around the transverse axis (forward / backward).</li><li>Roll – the angle of inclination around the longitudinal axis (left / right).</li></ul><p><strong>POSCTL</strong> - position holding mode (requires positioning system enabled). Functions of sticks:</p><ul><li>Throttle – vertical flight speed.</li><li>Yaw – angular velocity around the vertical axis.</li><li>Pitch – linear speed of the drone (forward / backward).</li><li>Roll – linear speed of the drone (left / right).</li></ul><p><strong>ACRO</strong> - controlling the average rotational speed of the motors and angular speeds of the drone. This mode is the most difficult to fly and is most often used by drone racers and 3D piloting shows to perform tricks. Functions of sticks:</p><ul><li>Throttle – the average speed of rotation of the motors.</li><li>Yaw – angular velocity around the vertical axis.</li><li>Pitch – angular velocity around the transverse axis (forward / backward).</li><li>Roll – angular velocity around the longitudinal axis (left / right).</li></ul><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>Other flight controllers may have different names for similar flight modes.</p></div><h2 id="preparing-to-fly" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#preparing-to-fly" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Preparing to fly</h2><h3 id="installing-propellers-and-batteries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#installing-propellers-and-batteries" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Installing propellers and batteries</h3><ol><li><p>Install the battery strap.</p><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/final_1.b4cc7fea.png" width="300" class="zoom border center"></li><li><p>Set the propellers according to the <a href="#prop_rotation">motor direction pattern</a>.</p><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/final_3.d7b508d9.png" width="300" class="zoom border center"></li><li><p>Attach the buzzer and install the battery.</p><div class="image-group"><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/buzzer_acb.f1813099.jpg" width="200" class="zoom border"><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/final_4.d278d118.png" width="300" class="zoom border"></div></li></ol><h3 id="setting-the-buzzer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#setting-the-buzzer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Setting the buzzer</h3><p>In order not to over-discharge or damage the battery, it is recommended to use a voltage indicator (<em>buzzer</em>).</p><p>To configure the buzzer, connect it to the balance connector of your battery. By pressing the button, change the minimum voltage on the cells. The optimal value for the minimum voltage is <em>3.5-3.6 V</em>.</p><div class="image-group"><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/buzzer_connection.34c59a80.jpg" width="300" class="zoom border"><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/buzzer.d26b96ba.jpg" width="300" class="zoom border"></div><h3 id="flight-readiness-states" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#flight-readiness-states" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Flight readiness states</h3><p>Before starting the flight, the aircraft must be in the <em>Armed</em> state.</p><ul><li><em>Armed</em> state – motors rotate according to throttle stick position, copter is ready to fly.</li><li><em>Disarmed</em> state – motors do not rotate, copter does not respond to throttle stick.</li></ul><p>By default, the aircraft is in the <em>Disarmed</em> state and switches to it automatically if you do not take off for a long time.</p><p>There are several ways to change the copter's state to <em>Armed</em>:</p><ul><li><p>Using the stick – move the left stick down to the right and wait a couple of seconds.</p><img src="/clover-vuepress/assets/controller_arm.4622e602.jpg" width="300" class="zoom center"></li><li><p>Using the toggle switch – the Armed / Disarmed states can be set to one of the toggle switches. For more information on setting up, see the article on <a href="/clover-vuepress/en/modes.html" class="">flight modes</a>.</p></li><li><p>With QGC – you can arm your drone programmatically. To do this, click on the <em>Disarmed</em> label in the header and select another state.</p></li><li><p>In the <a href="/clover-vuepress/en/programming.html" class="">user program</a> – the copter can switch to <em>Armed</em> state if the <code>auto_arm=True</code> argument is specified in the navigation command, such as <code>navigate</code>, <code>set_position</code>, etc.</p></li></ul><h3 id="kill-switch" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#kill-switch" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Kill switch</h3><p>When the <em>Kill Switch</em> is activated, no control signals are sent to the motors and the motors stop rotating. This function is used in extreme cases, for example, if you lose control of the aircraft.</p><div class="custom-container warning"><p class="custom-container-title">WARNING</p><p>Be careful, <em>Kill Switch</em> does not put the copter into <em>Disarmed</em> state!</p></div><p>Before disabling the <em>Kill Switch</em>, make sure the throttle stick is its down position and the aircraft is in <em>Disarmed</em> state. If the throttle stick is not in the lower position, when the <em>Kill Switch</em> is turned off, a signal corresponding to the stick position will be sent to the motors, which will lead your copter to jerk.</p><p><strong>Next</strong>: <a href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight_exercises.html" class="">Drone control exercises</a>.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a class="external-link meta-item-label" href="https://github.com/CopterExpress/clover/edit/master/docs/en/flight.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Edit this page"><!--[--><!--]--> Edit this page <span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><!----><!----></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/clover-vuepress/en/flight_exercises.html" class="" aria-label="Drone control exercises"><!--[--><!--]--> Drone control exercises <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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