From da40fff11ff2ab618cd37d7ed09b75656b4e4b1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: crw <92102709+ChenRuiwei@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 00:46:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] initial commit

---
 .gitignore                |   3 +
 Dockerfile                |  79 +++++
 LICENSE                   | 674 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Makefile                  |  11 +
 kernel/.cargo/config      |   8 +
 kernel/Cargo.lock         | 111 +++++++
 kernel/Cargo.toml         |  10 +
 kernel/Makefile           |  75 +++++
 kernel/src/console.rs     |  31 ++
 kernel/src/entry.S        |  12 +
 kernel/src/linker-qemu.ld |  53 +++
 kernel/src/main.rs        |  31 ++
 kernel/src/sbi.rs         |  30 ++
 rust-toolchain.toml       |   5 +
 14 files changed, 1133 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 Dockerfile
 create mode 100644 LICENSE
 create mode 100644 Makefile
 create mode 100644 kernel/.cargo/config
 create mode 100644 kernel/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 kernel/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 kernel/Makefile
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/console.rs
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/entry.S
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/linker-qemu.ld
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/sbi.rs
 create mode 100644 rust-toolchain.toml

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bea1e1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+target/
+
+.gdb_history
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec7c49a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
+FROM ubuntu:20.04
+
+ARG QEMU_VERSION=7.0.0
+ARG HOME=/root
+
+# 0. Install general tools
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y \
+        curl \
+        git \
+        python3 \
+        wget
+
+# 1. Set up QEMU RISC-V
+# - https://learningos.github.io/rust-based-os-comp2022/0setup-devel-env.html#qemu
+# - https://www.qemu.org/download/
+# - https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms/RISCV
+# - https://risc-v-getting-started-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/linux-qemu.html
+
+# 1.1. Download source
+WORKDIR ${HOME}
+RUN wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-${QEMU_VERSION}.tar.xz && \
+    tar xvJf qemu-${QEMU_VERSION}.tar.xz
+
+# 1.2. Install dependencies
+# - https://risc-v-getting-started-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/linux-qemu.html#prerequisites
+RUN apt-get install -y \
+        autoconf automake autotools-dev curl libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev \
+        gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc \
+        zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev git \
+        ninja-build pkg-config libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev libsdl2-dev
+
+# 1.3. Build and install from source
+WORKDIR ${HOME}/qemu-${QEMU_VERSION}
+RUN ./configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu,riscv64-linux-user && \
+    make -j$(nproc) && \
+    make install
+
+# 1.4. Clean up
+WORKDIR ${HOME}
+RUN rm -rf qemu-${QEMU_VERSION} qemu-${QEMU_VERSION}.tar.xz
+
+# 1.5. Sanity checking
+RUN qemu-system-riscv64 --version && \
+    qemu-riscv64 --version
+
+# 2. Set up Rust
+# - https://learningos.github.io/rust-based-os-comp2022/0setup-devel-env.html#qemu
+# - https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
+# - https://github.com/rust-lang/docker-rust/blob/master/Dockerfile-debian.template
+
+# 2.1. Install
+ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
+    CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
+    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH \
+    RUST_VERSION=nightly-2024-02-01 \
+    PROFILE=default
+RUN set -eux; \
+    curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs -o rustup-init; \
+    chmod +x rustup-init; \
+    ./rustup-init -y --no-modify-path --profile $PROFILE --default-toolchain $RUST_VERSION; \
+    rm rustup-init; \
+    chmod -R a+w $RUSTUP_HOME $CARGO_HOME;
+
+# 2.2. Sanity checking
+RUN rustup --version && \
+    cargo --version && \
+    rustc --version
+
+# 3. Build env for labs
+RUN rustup target add riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf && \
+    rustup component add rust-src && \
+    rustup component add llvm-tools && \
+    cargo install cargo-binutils
+
+# Ready to go
+WORKDIR ${HOME}
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f288702d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+
+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..248de000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+DOCKER_NAME ?= my-os
+.PHONY: docker build_docker
+	
+docker:
+	docker run --rm -it --network="host" -v ${PWD}:/mnt -w /mnt ${DOCKER_NAME} bash
+
+build_docker:
+	docker build -t ${DOCKER_NAME} .
+
+run:
+	cd kernel && make run
diff --git a/kernel/.cargo/config b/kernel/.cargo/config
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0daea25e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/.cargo/config
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[build]
+target = "riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"
+
+[target.riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf]
+rustflags = [
+    "-Clink-arg=-Tsrc/linker.ld",
+    "-Cforce-frame-pointers=yes"
+]
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.lock b/kernel/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93937654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "critical-section"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7059fff8937831a9ae6f0fe4d658ffabf58f2ca96aa9dec1c889f936f705f216"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-hal"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "361a90feb7004eca4019fb28352a9465666b24f840f5c3cddf0ff13920590b89"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "kernel"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "riscv-rt",
+ "sbi-rt",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "log"
+version = "0.4.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
+version = "1.0.78"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2422ad645d89c99f8f3e6b88a9fdeca7fabeac836b1002371c4367c8f984aae"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "1.0.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "291ec9ab5efd934aaf503a6466c5d5251535d108ee747472c3977cc5acc868ef"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2f5c1b8bf41ea746266cdee443d1d1e9125c86ce1447e1a2615abd34330d33a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "critical-section",
+ "embedded-hal",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-rt"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c0d35e32cf1383183e8885d8a9aa4402a087fd094dc34c2cb6df6687d0229dfe"
+dependencies = [
+ "riscv",
+ "riscv-rt-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-rt-macros"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a8d100d466dbb76681ef6a9386f3da9abc570d57394e86da0ba5af8c4408486d"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sbi-rt"
+version = "0.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7fbaa69be1eedc61c426e6d489b2260482e928b465360576900d52d496a58bd0"
+dependencies = [
+ "sbi-spec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sbi-spec"
+version = "0.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6e36312fb5ddc10d08ecdc65187402baba4ac34585cb9d1b78522ae2358d890"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.109"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88d018c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "kernel"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["ChenRuiwei <1982833213@qq.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+log = "0.4"
+riscv-rt = "0.12.2"
+sbi-rt = { version = "0.0.3", features = ["legacy"] }
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b58b751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Building
+PACKAGE_NAME=kernel
+TARGET := riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf
+MODE := debug
+KERNEL_ELF := target/$(TARGET)/$(MODE)/$(PACKAGE_NAME)
+DISASM_ARGS_TMP := target/$(TARGET)/$(MODE)/asm
+
+# Building mode argument
+ifeq ($(MODE), release)
+	MODE_ARG := --release
+endif
+
+# Board
+BOARD := qemu
+BOOTLOADER := default
+
+# Tools
+TOOLPREFIX := riscv64-elf-
+QEMU := qemu-system-riscv64
+GDB := $(TOOLPREFIX)gdb
+OBJDUMP := rust-objdump --arch-name=riscv64
+OBJCOPY := rust-objcopy --binary-architecture=riscv64
+
+DISASM_ARGS := -x
+
+QEMU_ARGS := -machine virt \
+			 -nographic \
+			 -bios $(BOOTLOADER) \
+			 -kernel $(KERNEL_ELF)
+
+$(KERNEL_ELF): build
+
+PHONY := all
+all: build
+
+PHONY += env
+env:
+	@(cargo install --list | grep "cargo-binutils" > /dev/null 2>&1) || cargo install cargo-binutils
+
+PHONY += build
+build: env
+	@echo Platform: $(BOARD)
+	@cp src/linker-$(BOARD).ld src/linker.ld
+	@cargo build $(MODE_ARG)
+	@rm src/linker.ld
+
+PHONY += run
+run: build
+	@$(QEMU) $(QEMU_ARGS)
+
+PHONY += clean
+clean:
+	@cargo clean
+
+PHONY += disasm
+disasm: build
+	@$(OBJDUMP) $(DISASM_ARGS) $(KERNEL_ELF) | less
+
+PHONY += disasm-nvim
+disasm-nvim: build
+	@$(OBJDUMP) $(DISASM_ARGS) $(KERNEL_ELF) > $(DISASM_TMP)
+	@nvim $(DISASM_TMP)
+	@rm $(DISASM_TMP)
+
+PHONY += gdbserver
+gdbserver: build
+	@$(QEMU) $(QEMU_ARGS) -s -S
+
+PHONY += gdbclient
+gdbclient:
+	@$(GDB) -ex 'file $(KERNEL_ELF)' \
+		-ex 'set arch riscv:rv64' \
+		-ex 'target remote localhost:1234'
+
+.PHONY: $(PHONY)
diff --git a/kernel/src/console.rs b/kernel/src/console.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8a5cd4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/console.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use crate::sbi::console_putchar;
+use core::fmt::{self, Write};
+
+struct Stdout;
+
+impl Write for Stdout {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            console_putchar(c as usize);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    Stdout.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($fmt: literal $(, $($arg: tt)+)?) => {
+        $crate::console::print(format_args!($fmt $(, $($arg)+)?))
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+    ($fmt: literal $(, $($arg: tt)+)?) => {
+        $crate::console::print(format_args!(concat!($fmt, "\n") $(, $($arg)+)?))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/entry.S b/kernel/src/entry.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c32d68fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/entry.S
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+    .section .text.entry
+    .globl _start
+_start:
+    la sp, boot_stack_top
+    call rust_main
+
+    .section .bss.stack
+    .globl boot_stack_lower_bound
+boot_stack_lower_bound:
+    .space 4096 * 16
+    .globl boot_stack_top
+boot_stack_top:
diff --git a/kernel/src/linker-qemu.ld b/kernel/src/linker-qemu.ld
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c337e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/linker-qemu.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+OUTPUT_ARCH(riscv)
+ENTRY(_start)
+BASE_ADDRESS = 0x80200000;
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+    . = BASE_ADDRESS;
+    skernel = .;
+
+    stext = .;
+    .text : {
+        *(.text.entry)
+        . = ALIGN(4K);
+        strampoline = .;
+        *(.text.trampoline);
+        . = ALIGN(4K);
+        *(.text .text.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    etext = .;
+    srodata = .;
+    .rodata : {
+        *(.rodata .rodata.*)
+        *(.srodata .srodata.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    erodata = .;
+    sdata = .;
+    .data : {
+        *(.data .data.*)
+        *(.sdata .sdata.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    edata = .;
+    sbss_with_stack = .;
+    .bss : {
+        *(.bss.stack)
+        sbss = .;
+        *(.bss .bss.*)
+        *(.sbss .sbss.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    ebss = .;
+    ekernel = .;
+
+    /DISCARD/ : {
+        *(.eh_frame)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb9a85b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+mod console;
+mod sbi;
+
+use core::arch::global_asm;
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+
+global_asm!(include_str!("entry.S"));
+
+// Wait for interrupt, allows the CPU to go into a power saving mode
+pub fn wfi() {
+    unsafe { core::arch::asm!("wfi") }
+}
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    loop {
+        wfi()
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub fn rust_main() -> ! {
+    println!("==================================================");
+    println!("hello world");
+    loop {
+        wfi()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/sbi.rs b/kernel/src/sbi.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..445b6110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/sbi.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/// use sbi call to putchar in console (qemu uart handler)
+pub fn console_putchar(c: usize) {
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    sbi_rt::legacy::console_putchar(c);
+}
+
+/// use sbi call to getchar from console (qemu uart handler)
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn console_getchar() -> usize {
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    sbi_rt::legacy::console_getchar()
+}
+
+/// use sbi call to set timer
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn set_timer(timer: usize) {
+    sbi_rt::set_timer(timer as _);
+}
+
+/// use sbi call to shutdown the kernel
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn shutdown(failure: bool) -> ! {
+    use sbi_rt::{system_reset, NoReason, Shutdown, SystemFailure};
+    if !failure {
+        system_reset(Shutdown, NoReason);
+    } else {
+        system_reset(Shutdown, SystemFailure);
+    }
+    unreachable!()
+}
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13a72c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[toolchain]
+profile = "default"
+channel = "nightly-2024-02-01"
+components = ["rust-src", "llvm-tools"]
+targets = ["riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"]